TROUBLE_SHOOTING-en.md

December 11, 2024 · View on GitHub

Common problem

When installing front-end dependencies, If NPM or YARN is changed to a domestic source, Still a similar getaddrinfo ENOENT raw.githubusercontent.com error, consider setting up a proxy for it：
```
npm config set proxy http://username:password@server:port
npm config set https-proxy http://username:password@server:port
```
For example：(To set the proxy for YARN, replace the NPM with YARN and the port with the port of the local proxy.)
```
npm config set proxy http://127.0.0.1:2802
npm config set https-proxy http://127.0.0.1:2802
```

Ethereum test networks are designed to provide developers with environments for experimentation and testing. Each testnet differs in consensus mechanism, use case, design objectives, and resource allocation. Below is a detailed comparison of Rinkeby, Kovan, Ropsten, Goerli, Holesky, and Sepolia.

1. Rinkeby

Launch Date: 2017
Consensus Mechanism: Proof of Authority (POA)
Features:
- Relies on designated validators to run nodes, enabling faster transaction confirmation.
- Stable network but with low decentralization.
- Suitable for scenarios requiring rapid testing.
Current Status: Gradually deprecated; no longer recommended for new projects.

2. Kovan

Launch Date: 2017
Consensus Mechanism: Proof of Authority (POA)
Features:
- Created by the Parity team, offering fast synchronization and stable performance.
- Nodes require permission to operate, limiting participants.
- Suitable for permissioned chains and private development environments.
Current Status: Deprecated; developers have migrated to other networks.

3. Ropsten

Launch Date: 2016
Consensus Mechanism:
- Initially: Proof of Work (POW).
- Later: Transitioned to Proof of Stake (POS) to simulate the Ethereum mainnet shift.
Features:
- The testnet most similar to the mainnet, supporting comprehensive testing and contract deployment.
- Allowed mining to obtain test tokens, offering some decentralization.
- High operational costs and slower synchronization due to POW mechanism.
Current Status: Deprecated since late 2022.

4. Goerli

Launch Date: 2019
Consensus Mechanism: Proof of Authority (POA), later transitioned to Proof of Stake (POS).
Features:
- Multi-client support with strong compatibility, ideal for cross-client development.
- Test tokens (GoETH) are limited and require faucets or requests, potentially causing bottlenecks.
- Widely used for smart contract testing and validation.
Current Status: Deprecated.

5. Holesky

Launch Date: 2023
Consensus Mechanism: Proof of Stake (POS)
Features:
- Designed for Ethereum staking and protocol upgrade testing with high performance.
- Provides a large supply of test tokens, addressing the limitations of Goerli tokens.
- Suitable for complex testing needs for developers and validators.
Current Status: Emerging as a potential replacement for Goerli, aiming to support broader ecosystem needs.

6. Sepolia

Launch Date: October 2021
Consensus Mechanism: Initially Proof of Work (POW), later transitioned to Proof of Stake (POS).
Features:
- Designed specifically for developers, offering a precise testing environment for smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps).
- Equipped with fast synchronization and a permissioned validator set for efficient operations.
- Unlimited test tokens (SepETH) ensure developers are not constrained by token shortages, resolving Goerli’s major issue.
- Positioned as Ethereum’s primary development test network for the future.
Current Status: Regarded as one of the top choices for developers.

Comparison Summary

Testnet	Consensus Mechanism	Token Acquisition	Features	Current Status
Rinkeby	POA	Free Faucet	Fast but lacks decentralization	Deprecated
Kovan	POA	Free Faucet	Stable, requires permission to operate	Deprecated
Ropsten	POW → POS	Mining or Faucet	Closest to mainnet, supports full testing	Deprecated
Goerli	POA → POS	Limited (Request)	Strong compatibility, limited test tokens	Deprecated
Holesky	POS	Unlimited	For complex testing, resource-rich	Emerging Network
Sepolia	POW → POS	Unlimited	Efficient, precise, developer-friendly	Recommended

TROUBLE_SHOOTING-en.md

Common problem

Testnet Faucet Application

Ethereum Testnet Comparison Analysis