=> {'help': 0.0, 'office': 0.0, 'violence': 0.2, 'dance': 0.0, 'money': 0.0, 'wedding': 0.0, 'valuable': 0.0, 'domesticwork': 0.0, 'sleep': 0.0, 'medicalemergency': 0.0, 'cold': 0.0, 'hate': 0.0, 'cheerfulness': 0.0, 'aggression': 0.0, 'occupation': 0.0, 'envy': 0.0, 'anticipation': 0.0, 'family': 0.0, 'crime': 0.0, 'attractive': 0.0, 'masculine': 0.0, 'prison': 0.0, 'health': 0.0, 'pride': 0.0, 'dispute': 0.0, 'nervousness': 0.0, 'government': 0.0, 'weakness': 0.0, 'horror': 0.0, 'swearingterms': 0.0, 'leisure': 0.0, 'suffering': 0.0, 'royalty': 0.0, 'wealthy': 0.0, 'whitecollarjob': 0.0, 'tourism': 0.0, 'furniture': 0.0, 'school': 0.0, 'magic': 0.0, 'beach': 0.0, 'journalism': 0.0, 'morning': 0.0, 'banking': 0.0, 'socialmedia': 0.0, 'exercise': 0.0, 'night': 0.0, 'kill': 0.0, 'art': 0.0, 'play': 0.0, 'computer': 0.0, 'college': 0.0, 'traveling': 0.0, 'stealing': 0.0, 'realestate': 0.0, 'home': 0.0, 'divine': 0.0, 'sexual': 0.0, 'fear': 0.0, 'monster': 0.0, 'irritability': 0.0, 'superhero': 0.0, 'business': 0.0, 'driving': 0.0, 'pet': 0.0, 'childish': 0.0, 'cooking': 0.0, 'exasperation': 0.0, 'religion': 0.0, 'hipster': 0.0, 'internet': 0.0, 'surprise': 0.0, 'reading': 0.0, 'worship': 0.0, 'leader': 0.0, 'independence': 0.0, 'movement': 0.2, 'body': 0.0, 'noise': 0.0, 'eating': 0.0, 'medieval': 0.0, 'zest': 0.0, 'confusion': 0.0, 'water': 0.0, 'sports': 0.0, 'death': 0.0, 'healing': 0.0, 'legend': 0.0, 'heroic': 0.0, 'celebration': 0.0, 'restaurant': 0.0, 'ridicule': 0.0, 'programming': 0.0, 'dominantheirarchical': 0.0, 'military': 0.0, 'neglect': 0.0, 'swimming': 0.0, 'exotic': 0.0, 'love': 0.0, 'hiking': 0.0, 'communication': 0.0, 'hearing': 0.0, 'order': 0.0, 'sympathy': 0.0, 'hygiene': 0.0, 'weather': 0.0, 'anonymity': 0.0, 'trust': 0.0, 'ancient': 0.0, 'deception': 0.0, 'fabric': 0.0, 'airtravel': 0.0, 'fight': 0.0, 'dominantpersonality': 0.0, 'music': 0.0, 'vehicle': 0.0, 'politeness': 0.0, 'toy': 0.0, 'farming': 0.0, 'meeting': 0.0, 'war': 0.0, 'speaking': 0.0, 'listen': 0.0, 'urban': 0.0, 'shopping': 0.0, 'disgust': 0.0, 'fire': 0.0, 'tool': 0.0, 'phone': 0.0, 'gain': 0.0, 'sound': 0.0, 'injury': 0.0, 'sailing': 0.0, 'rage': 0.0, 'science': 0.0, 'work': 0.0, 'appearance': 0.0, 'optimism': 0.0, 'warmth': 0.0, 'youth': 0.0, 'sadness': 0.0, 'fun': 0.0, 'emotional': 0.0, 'joy': 0.0, 'affection': 0.0, 'fashion': 0.0, 'lust': 0.0, 'shame': 0.0, 'torment': 0.0, 'economics': 0.0, 'anger': 0.0, 'politics': 0.0, 'ship': 0.0, 'clothing': 0.0, 'car': 0.0, 'strength': 0.0, 'technology': 0.0, 'breaking': 0.0, 'shapeandsize': 0.0, 'power': 0.0, 'vacation': 0.0, 'animal': 0.0, 'ugliness': 0.0, 'party': 0.0, 'terrorism': 0.0, 'smell': 0.0, 'bluecollarjob': 0.0, 'poor': 0.0, 'plant': 0.0, 'pain': 0.2, 'beauty': 0.0, 'timidity': 0.0, 'philosophy': 0.0, 'negotiate': 0.0, 'negativeemotion': 0.0, 'cleaning': 0.0, 'messaging': 0.0, 'competing': 0.0, 'law': 0.0, 'friends': 0.0, 'payment': 0.0, 'achievement': 0.0, 'alcohol': 0.0, 'disappointment': 0.0, 'liquid': 0.0, 'feminine': 0.0, 'weapon': 0.0, 'children': 0.0, 'ocean': 0.0, 'giving': 0.0, 'contentment': 0.0, 'writing': 0.0, 'rural': 0.0, 'positiveemotion': 0.0, 'musical': 0.0}

Empath is a tool for analyzing text across lexical categories (similar to LIWC), and also generating new lexical categories to use for an analysis. See our paper.

You can install in python via pip:

pip install empath

Then in a python shell, import like this:

from empath import Empath
lexicon = Empath()

Analyze text over all pre-built categories:

lexicon.analyze("he hit the other person", normalize=True)
# => {'help': 0.0, 'office': 0.0, 'violence': 0.2, 'dance': 0.0, 'money': 0.0, 'wedding': 0.0, 'valuable': 0.0, 'domestic_work': 0.0, 'sleep': 0.0, 'medical_emergency': 0.0, 'cold': 0.0, 'hate': 0.0, 'cheerfulness': 0.0, 'aggression': 0.0, 'occupation': 0.0, 'envy': 0.0, 'anticipation': 0.0, 'family': 0.0, 'crime': 0.0, 'attractive': 0.0, 'masculine': 0.0, 'prison': 0.0, 'health': 0.0, 'pride': 0.0, 'dispute': 0.0, 'nervousness': 0.0, 'government': 0.0, 'weakness': 0.0, 'horror': 0.0, 'swearing_terms': 0.0, 'leisure': 0.0, 'suffering': 0.0, 'royalty': 0.0, 'wealthy': 0.0, 'white_collar_job': 0.0, 'tourism': 0.0, 'furniture': 0.0, 'school': 0.0, 'magic': 0.0, 'beach': 0.0, 'journalism': 0.0, 'morning': 0.0, 'banking': 0.0, 'social_media': 0.0, 'exercise': 0.0, 'night': 0.0, 'kill': 0.0, 'art': 0.0, 'play': 0.0, 'computer': 0.0, 'college': 0.0, 'traveling': 0.0, 'stealing': 0.0, 'real_estate': 0.0, 'home': 0.0, 'divine': 0.0, 'sexual': 0.0, 'fear': 0.0, 'monster': 0.0, 'irritability': 0.0, 'superhero': 0.0, 'business': 0.0, 'driving': 0.0, 'pet': 0.0, 'childish': 0.0, 'cooking': 0.0, 'exasperation': 0.0, 'religion': 0.0, 'hipster': 0.0, 'internet': 0.0, 'surprise': 0.0, 'reading': 0.0, 'worship': 0.0, 'leader': 0.0, 'independence': 0.0, 'movement': 0.2, 'body': 0.0, 'noise': 0.0, 'eating': 0.0, 'medieval': 0.0, 'zest': 0.0, 'confusion': 0.0, 'water': 0.0, 'sports': 0.0, 'death': 0.0, 'healing': 0.0, 'legend': 0.0, 'heroic': 0.0, 'celebration': 0.0, 'restaurant': 0.0, 'ridicule': 0.0, 'programming': 0.0, 'dominant_heirarchical': 0.0, 'military': 0.0, 'neglect': 0.0, 'swimming': 0.0, 'exotic': 0.0, 'love': 0.0, 'hiking': 0.0, 'communication': 0.0, 'hearing': 0.0, 'order': 0.0, 'sympathy': 0.0, 'hygiene': 0.0, 'weather': 0.0, 'anonymity': 0.0, 'trust': 0.0, 'ancient': 0.0, 'deception': 0.0, 'fabric': 0.0, 'air_travel': 0.0, 'fight': 0.0, 'dominant_personality': 0.0, 'music': 0.0, 'vehicle': 0.0, 'politeness': 0.0, 'toy': 0.0, 'farming': 0.0, 'meeting': 0.0, 'war': 0.0, 'speaking': 0.0, 'listen': 0.0, 'urban': 0.0, 'shopping': 0.0, 'disgust': 0.0, 'fire': 0.0, 'tool': 0.0, 'phone': 0.0, 'gain': 0.0, 'sound': 0.0, 'injury': 0.0, 'sailing': 0.0, 'rage': 0.0, 'science': 0.0, 'work': 0.0, 'appearance': 0.0, 'optimism': 0.0, 'warmth': 0.0, 'youth': 0.0, 'sadness': 0.0, 'fun': 0.0, 'emotional': 0.0, 'joy': 0.0, 'affection': 0.0, 'fashion': 0.0, 'lust': 0.0, 'shame': 0.0, 'torment': 0.0, 'economics': 0.0, 'anger': 0.0, 'politics': 0.0, 'ship': 0.0, 'clothing': 0.0, 'car': 0.0, 'strength': 0.0, 'technology': 0.0, 'breaking': 0.0, 'shape_and_size': 0.0, 'power': 0.0, 'vacation': 0.0, 'animal': 0.0, 'ugliness': 0.0, 'party': 0.0, 'terrorism': 0.0, 'smell': 0.0, 'blue_collar_job': 0.0, 'poor': 0.0, 'plant': 0.0, 'pain': 0.2, 'beauty': 0.0, 'timidity': 0.0, 'philosophy': 0.0, 'negotiate': 0.0, 'negative_emotion': 0.0, 'cleaning': 0.0, 'messaging': 0.0, 'competing': 0.0, 'law': 0.0, 'friends': 0.0, 'payment': 0.0, 'achievement': 0.0, 'alcohol': 0.0, 'disappointment': 0.0, 'liquid': 0.0, 'feminine': 0.0, 'weapon': 0.0, 'children': 0.0, 'ocean': 0.0, 'giving': 0.0, 'contentment': 0.0, 'writing': 0.0, 'rural': 0.0, 'positive_emotion': 0.0, 'musical': 0.0}

Or over a specific set of categories:

lexicon.analyze("he hit the other person", categories=["violence"])
# => {'violence': 1.0}

By default, Empath will return raw counts, but you can ask it to normalize over words in the document.

lexicon.analyze("he hit the other person", categories=["violence"], normalize=True)
# => {'violence': 0.2}

You can create new lexical categories for analysis using word embeddings in our VSM:

lexicon.create_category("colors",["red","blue","green"])
# => ["blue", "green", "purple", "purple", "green", "yellow", "red", "grey", "violet", "gray", "blue", "orange", "white", "pink", "yellow", "black", "brown", "brown", "red", "aqua", "turquoise", "blue_color", "colored", "color", "same_shade", "violet", "gray", "grey", "teal", "nice_shade", "coloured", "forest_green", "colored", "different_shade", "colour", "sparkly", "reddish", "beautiful_shade", "greenish", "indigo", "darker_shade", "emerald", "lovely_shade", "tints", "crimson", "dark_purple", "pink", "emerald", "sapphire", "golden", "lighter_shade", "lime_green", "coloured", "bright", "same_color", "specks", "red", "golden_color", "different_shades", "chocolate_brown", "orange", "bluish", "green", "deep_purple", "magenta", "green_color", "dark_shade", "bright_orange", "milky", "lilac", "light_brown", "sparkling", "golden_brown", "silvery", "baby_blue", "blood_red", "pink", "teal", "blue", "yellowish", "turquoise", "same_colour", "sparkly", "aquamarine", "black_color", "white", "cerulean", "perfect_shade", "dark", "speckled", "charcoal", "greyish", "midnight_blue", "emerald_green", "deep_brown", "ocean_blue", "flecks", "amber", "pinkish", "jet_black"]

Then analyze with those categories:

lexicon.analyze("My favorite color is blue", categories=["colors"], normalize=True)
# => {'colors': 0.4}

Right now Empath has three different models you can use to create categories: fiction, nytimes, and reddit. (I'm working on integrating all the different models soon). For now, they have different strengths and weaknesses in terms of generating categories. Nytimes would be better for something like the cold war:

lexicon.create_category("cold_war", ["cold_war"], model="nytimes")
# => ["cold_war", "the_cold_war", "the_Cold_War", "war", "Soviet_threat", "the_end_of_the_cold_war", "Communism", "world_war", "Soviet_empire", "Soviet_power", "Communism", "gulf_war", "Soviet_bloc", "the_Soviet_Union", "communism", "superpowers", "nuclear_age", "nuclear_war", "Soviet_system", "evil_empire", "Soviets", "wars", "arms_race", "Indochina", "detente", "Iran-Iraq_war", "Persian_Gulf_war", "American_power", "new_world_order", "American_involvement", "wartime", "American_foreign_policy", "American_occupation", "the_Soviet_Union's", "Soviet_Communism", "nuclear_arms_race", "the_Korean_War", "military_power", "Persian_Gulf_war", "great_powers", "Marshall_Plan", "the_Second_World_War", "Communist_rule", "the_Warsaw_Pact", "Soviet_military", "Reagan_years", "Reagan_era", "Cuban_missile_crisis", "world_wars", "postwar_period", "Communist_world", "military-industrial_complex", "perestroika", "superpower", "new_war", "Desert_Storm", "space_race", "Mikhail_Gorbachev", "Communist_system", "World_War_II", "nation-building", "the_Vietnam_War", "dictatorship", "South_Vietnam", "Iron_Curtain", "diplomacy", "old_Soviet_Union", "military_buildup", "containment", "German_unification", "Balkans", "gulf_crisis", "revolution", "last_war", "Soviet_era", "dictatorships", "warfare", "glasnost", "Soviet_state", "Communist_regimes", "domestic_politics", "Khrushchev", "American_diplomacy", "postwar_era", "Soviet_economy", "peacetime", "Korean_peninsula", "Allies", "Soviet-American_relations", "cold_war_era", "space_program", "Soviet_occupation", "arms_control", "Soviet_leaders", "World_War_I", "Western_alliance", "military_strategy", "quagmire", "regime", "fascism"]

You can adjust the size of the requested categories. You may not always get a bigger category when you ask for it because we're still filtering on a minimum cosine similarity.

lexicon.create_category("cold_war", ["cold_war"], model="nytimes", size=300)
# => ["cold_war", "the_cold_war", "the_Cold_War", "war", "Soviet_threat", "the_end_of_the_cold_war", "Communism", "world_war", "Soviet_empire", "Soviet_power", "Communism", "gulf_war", "Soviet_bloc", "the_Soviet_Union", "communism", "superpowers", "nuclear_age", "nuclear_war", "Soviet_system", "evil_empire", "Soviets", "wars", "arms_race", "Indochina", "detente", "Iran-Iraq_war", "Persian_Gulf_war", "American_power", "new_world_order", "American_involvement", "wartime", "American_foreign_policy", "American_occupation", "the_Soviet_Union's", "Soviet_Communism", "nuclear_arms_race", "the_Korean_War", "military_power", "Persian_Gulf_war", "great_powers", "Marshall_Plan", "the_Second_World_War", "Communist_rule", "the_Warsaw_Pact", "Soviet_military", "Reagan_years", "Reagan_era", "Cuban_missile_crisis", "world_wars", "postwar_period", "Communist_world", "military-industrial_complex", "perestroika", "superpower", "new_war", "Desert_Storm", "space_race", "Mikhail_Gorbachev", "Communist_system", "World_War_II", "nation-building", "the_Vietnam_War", "dictatorship", "South_Vietnam", "Iron_Curtain", "diplomacy", "old_Soviet_Union", "military_buildup", "containment", "German_unification", "Balkans", "gulf_crisis", "revolution", "last_war", "Soviet_era", "dictatorships", "warfare", "glasnost", "Soviet_state", "Communist_regimes", "domestic_politics", "Khrushchev", "American_diplomacy", "postwar_era", "Soviet_economy", "peacetime", "Korean_peninsula", "Allies", "Soviet-American_relations", "cold_war_era", "space_program", "Soviet_occupation", "arms_control", "Soviet_leaders", "World_War_I", "Western_alliance", "military_strategy", "quagmire", "regime", "fascism", "socialism", "Vietnam", "totalitarianism", "new_Europe", "American_leadership", "long_war", "World_War_II.", "colonial_rule", "the_Persian_Gulf_war", "atom_bomb", "NATO_alliance", "world_affairs", "military_threat", "home_front", "Western_Europe", "Eastern_Europe", "German_reunification", "glasnost", "Stalin", "Iraq_war", "Reagan_Presidency", "military_might", "American_policy", "colonialism", "major_war", "East-West_relations", "Soviet_history", "Soviet_rule", "Russians", "the_Gulf_War", "Atlantic_alliance", "the_Bay_of_Pigs", "democracies", "coups", "old_order", "Islamic_world", "Soviet_leadership", "unification", "Stalinism", "nuclear_threat", "Vietnam_era", "the_Afghan_war", "Gorbachev_era", "the_Vietnam_war", "American_President", "American_military_power", "Western_powers", "American_Government", "Soviet_domination", "foreign_policy", "military_establishment", "new_thinking", "Communist_regime", "Communist_era", "militarism", "isolationism", "the_Persian_Gulf", "first_gulf_war", "upheavals", "Saddam_Hussein's", "reunification", "Second_World_War", "Reagan_Administration", "Eastern_Europe's", "disintegration", "empires", "American_strategy", "civil_war", "Soviet_society", "Western_democracies", "common_enemy", "Communist_state", "Korean_Peninsula", "New_Deal", "the_Marshall_Plan", "Berlin_wall", "American_influence", "American_president", "Communist_dictatorship", "political_struggle", "the_Reagan_Administration", "American_public_opinion", "military_victory", "American_policy_makers", "Central_Europe", "modern_history"]