Awesome-Specialized-Medical-LLMs🧑‍⚕️

This repository provides a curated collection of research on Specialized Medical Large Language Models (SMed-LLMs) for specific diseases and medical specialties, organized by ICD-10 chapters.

📋Table of contents

• Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (I)

  • Specific Diseases: Tuberculosis, HIV

• Neoplasms (II)

  • Medical Specialities: Oncology, Cancer, Breast Medicine

  • Specific Diseases: Pancreatic Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Lung Cancer, Thyroid Nodules, Colorectal Cancer, Breast Cancer, Cervical Cancer

• Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases (IV)

  • Specific Diseases: Diabetes

• Mental and Behavioural Disorders (V)

  • Medical Specialities: Psychiatry
  • Specific Diseases: Depression, Autism

• Diseases of the Nervous System (VI)

  • Medical Specialities: Neurology, Neurosurgery
  • Specific Diseases: Stroke, Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease, Vestibular Schwannoma, Epilepsy, Chronic Vertigo

• Diseases of the Eye and Adnexa (VII)

  • Medical Specialities: Ophthalmology
  • Specific Diseases: Glaucoma, Diabetic Retinopathy, Choroidal and Retinal Diseases, Age-related Macular Degeneration

• Diseases of the Ear and Mastoid Process (VIII)

  • Medical Specialities: Otolaryngology
  • Specific Diseases: Vestibular Schwannoma

• Diseases of the Circulatory System (IX)

  • Medical Specialities: Cardiology, Internal Medicine
  • Specific Diseases: Arrhythmia, Anomalous Aortic Origin of Coronary Arteries

• Diseases of the Respiratory System (X)

  • Medical Specialities: Pulmonology
  • Specific Diseases: Asthma, Chronic Lung Disease (COPD), Pneumonia, COVID-19

• Diseases of the Digestive System (XI)

  • Medical Specialities: Stomatology, Hepatology, Gastroenterology
  • Specific Diseases: Periodontal Diseases

• Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue (XII)

  • Medical Specialities: Dermatology
  • Specific Diseases: Mpox Virus

• Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue (XIII)

  • Medical Specialities: Orthopedics, Rheumatology
  • Specific Diseases: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Osteoarthritis, Rib Fracture, Spine, Spondyloarthritis, Chronic low back pain (CLBP)

• Diseases of the Genitourinary System (XIV)

  • Medical Specialities: Nephrology
  • Specific Diseases: Kidney Transplantation, Chronic Kidney Disease, Acute Kidney Injury, Kidney Stone

• Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Puerperium (XV)

  • Specific Diseases: Gestational Diabetes

• Certain Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period (XVI)

  • Medical Specialities: Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology
  • Specific Diseases: Perioperative Sepsis

• Congenital Malformations, Deformations, and Chromosomal Abnormalities (XVII)

  • Medical Specialities: Rare Disease
  • Specific Diseases: Congenital Heart Disease

• Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact with Health Services (XXI)

  • Medical Specialities: Radiology, Pathology, Anesthesiology

• Codes for Special Purposes (XXII)

  • Medical Specialities: Traditional Chinese Medicine

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📽️Visualization

• Annotated human body diagram illustrating LLMs in 45 specific diseases across 17 organ systems, including female-specific conditions. Organ systems are color-coded; disease names are in bold italics, followed by the corresponding model names.

  

• Summary of all specialized medical LLMs for specific diseases and distinct medical specialties collected in this study, categorized by ICD-10 chapter list; disease names and specialty names are highlighted, the corresponding model names are listed.

  

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Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (I)

Specific Diseases

Diseases	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Tuberculosis	Transforming Tuberculosis Care: Optimizing Large Language Models for Enhanced Clinician-Patient Communication	GenAI4Health @ AAAI 2025	Optimized a conversational AI for Spanish-speaking TB patients, focusing on cultural relevance, empathy, medical accuracy, and privacy.	-
	Advancing Chronic Tuberculosis Diagnostics Using Vision-Language Models: A Multi modal Framework for Precision Analysis	arXiv 2025/03	Vision-language model using SIGLIP and Gemma-3b integrates chest X-rays and clinical data for accurate, automated chronic TB detection and reporting.	-
HIV	Enhanced Language Models for Predicting and Understanding HIV Care Disengagement: A Case Study in Tanzania	Research Square 2025/05	Fine-tuned LLaMA 3.1 on Tanzanian EMR data for accurate, interpretable prediction of HIV care disengagement.	-

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Neoplasms (II)

Medical Specialities

Speciality	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Oncology	Radonc-gpt: A large language model for radiation oncology	arXiv 2023/09	Instruction-tuned LLM for radiotherapy plan generation and decision support.	-
	Oncogpt: A medical conversational model tailored with oncology domain expertise on a large language model meta-ai (llama)	arXiv 2024/02	Multi-stage fine-tuned LLM for oncology Q&A and treatment recommendations.	OncoGPT
	SEETrials: Leveraging large language models for safety and efficacy extraction in oncology clinical trials	Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 2024	GPT-4 plus prompts for automated extraction of clinical trial outcomes in oncology.	-
	LLM-driven multimodal target volume contouring in radiation oncology	Nature Communications 2024	Multimodal LLM framework for 3D target volume segmentation in radiotherapy.	LLMSeg
	A vision-language foundation model for precision oncology	Nature 2025	Unified vision-language model for multimodal cancer detection and biomarker prediction.	MUSK
Cancer	Cancerllm: A large language model in cancer domain	arXiv 2024/06	Mistral-style LLM pre-trained and fine-tuned for cancer phenotype extraction and diagnosis.	-
Breast Medicine	Burextract-llama: An llm for clinical concept extraction in breast ultrasound reports	Multimedia Computing for Health and Medicine 2024	Q-LoRA fine-tuned Llama3 model for structured information extraction from breast ultrasound.	-

Specific Diseases

Diseases	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Pancreatic Cancer	MiniGPT-Pancreas: Multimodal Large Language Model for Pancreas Cancer Classification and Detection	arXiv 2024/12	Multimodal LLM integrating CT and prompts for pancreatic cancer classification and detection.	MiniGPT-Pancreas
Prostate Cancer	RadOnc-GPT (gpt-4o) versus human data extraction for prostate cancer clinical research	American Society of Clinical Oncology 2025	Instruction-tuned Llama2 automates radiotherapy regimens and clinical report generation.	-
Hepatocellular Carcinoma	ChatExosome: An Artificial Intelligence (AI) Agent Based on Deep Learning of Exosomes Spectroscopy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) Diagnosis	Analytical Chemistry 2025	Fuses exosome Raman spectra transformer with RAG-LLM for HCC diagnosis and Q&A.	ChatExosome
Lung Cancer	EXACT-Net: EHR-guided lung tumor auto-segmentation for non-small cell lung cancer radiotherapy	arXiv 2024/02	Combines LLM-based EHR extraction with 3D U-Net for CT-based lung tumor segmentation.	-
	TCMLCM: an intelligent question-answering model for traditional Chinese medicine lung cancer based on the KG2TRAG method	Digital Chinese Medicine 2025/03	Fine-tuned ChatGLM2-6B with TCM lung cancer data and knowledge graphs using the KG2TRAG method for accurate, professional QA in TCM lung cancer.	-
Thyroid Nodules	EndoGPT: A Proof-of-concept Large Language Model Based Assistant for the Management of Thyroid Nodules	medRxiv 2024	GPT-4o with RAG and prompts for individualized thyroid nodule assessment and management.	EndoGPT
Colorectal Cancer	Frontiers in intelligent colonoscopy	arXiv 2024/10	Multimodal LLM for interactive colonoscopy scene classification and visual-language reasoning.	ColonGPT
Breast Cancer	Breast-Crag: A Breast Cancer Large Language Model Leveraging Retrieval-Augmented Generation	SSRN 5052341	LoRA-finetuned Qwen2.5 and RAG for breast cancer Q&A and exam tasks.	Breast-Crag
	LLaVA-MultiMammo: adapting vision-language models for explainable and comprehensive multiview mammogram analysis in breast cancer assessment	SPIE Medical Imaging 2025	Adapts LLaVA VLM to integrate multi-view mammograms and clinical text for explainable multi-task breast cancer analysis, outperforming task-specific models in density and malignancy classification.	-
Cervical Cancer	Context-Aware Text-Assisted Multimodal Framework for Cervical Cytology Cell Diagnosis and Chatting	IEEE ICME 2024	Integrates multimodal image-text transformers and LLM for cervical cytology classification.	-
Thyroid Cancer	Thyro-GenAI: A Chatbot Using Retrieval-Augmented Generative Models for Personalized Thyroid Disease Management	Journal of Clinical Medicine 2025	Developed a RAG-based chatbot for personalized thyroid disease decision support, showing higher clinical accuracy and reliability than general LLMs.	-

Reference Awesome-repo

• Oncology , Cancer

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Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases (IV)

Specific Diseases

Diseases	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Diabetes	Integrated image-based deep learning and language models for primary diabetes care	Nature Medicine 2024	Vision transformer + LLM for fundus image analysis, DR grading, and personalized diabetes care.	DeepDR-LLM
	Diabetica: Adapting Large Language Model to Enhance Multiple Medical Tasks in Diabetes Care and Management	arXiv 2024/09	Diabetes-specific LLM with LoRA/SFT for precise Q&A, patient consultation, and record summary.	Diabetica
	PIRsuader: A Persuasive Chatbot for Mitigating Psychological Insulin Resistance in Type-2 Diabetic Patients	COLING 2025	Developed a persuasive LLM-based chatbot that uses dialog act schema and reinforcement learning to counsel T2D patients and reduce psychological insulin resistance.	-
	DiabetIQ: An Intelligent Diabetes ManagemenApplication with an Integrated LLM-AugmentedRAG Chatbot and ML-Based Risk Early Prediction	ResearchGate Technical Report 2025	Developed an intelligent diabetes management app integrating an LLM-augmented RAG chatbot for reliable advice and an ML module for early risk prediction, providing personalized and explainable support to patients.	-

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Mental and Behavioural Disorders (V)

Medical Specialities

Speciality	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Psychiatry	Psy-llm: Scaling up global mental health psychological services with ai-based large language models	arXiv 2023/07	Pre-trained and fine-tuned on psychological Q&A datasets, delivers expert-level answers and urgent screening.	PsyQA
	Chatcounselor: A large language models for mental health support	arXiv 2023/09	LLaMA-7B fine-tuned to provide professional counseling responses and mental health classification.	ChatPsychiatrist
	Mindwatch: A smart cloud-based ai solution for suicide ideation detection leveraging large language models	medRxiv 2023	Fine-tuned transformer for suicide ideation detection, Llama2-RAG for personalized psychoeducation and plans.	-
	MentaLLaMA: interpretable mental health analysis on social media with large language models	ACM Web Conference 2024	LLaMA2 with instruction tuning for detecting and explaining mental health conditions in social media.	MentalLLaMA
	CBT-LLM: A Chinese large language model for cognitive behavioral therapy-based mental health question answering	arXiv 2024/03	Chinese LLM instruction-tuned on CBT QA, delivers structured CBT-based mental health support.	CBT-LLM
	WundtGPT: Shaping Large Language Models To Be An Empathetic, Proactive Psychologist	arXiv 2024/06	LLaMA3-8B with instruction tuning and RLHF (KTO) to enhance empathy, generate diagnoses and counseling.	WundtLLaMA

Specific Diseases

Diseases	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Depression	Detecting signs of depression from social media text using RoBERTa pre-trained language models	LT-EDI-ACL 2022	Fine-tuned RoBERTa for detecting and quantifying depression in social media text.	depression-detection-lt-edi-2022
	VS-LLM: Visual-Semantic Depression Assessment Based on LLM for Drawing Projection Test	PRCV 2024	Analyzes projection drawings to extract visual-semantic features of depression.	-
	InterMind: A Doctor-Patient-Family Interactive Depression Assessment System Empowered by Large Language Models	arXiv 2024/09	Instruction-tuned LLM with RAG for interactive, multi-party depression assessment and personalized intervention.	-
Autism	Chatasd: Llm-based ai therapist for asd	Digital TV & Wireless Multimedia Communications 2023	Fine-tuned multimodal LLM for ASD knowledge dissemination, auxiliary diagnosis, and intervention.	-
	SocialRecNet: A Multimodal LLM-Based Framework for Assessing Social Reciprocity in Autism Spectrum Disorder	ICASSP 2025	Multimodal LLM integrating speech and text to assess social reciprocity and predict ADOS scores for ASD.	-

Reference Awesome-repo

• Psychiatry

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Diseases of the Nervous System (VI)

Medical Specialities

Speciality	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Neurology	Neura: a specialized large language model solution in neurology	medRxiv 2024	Retrieval-augmented LLM with memory modules for complex clinical reasoning and differential diagnosis in neurology.	-
	ExKG-LLM: Leveraging Large Language Models for Automated Expansion of Cognitive Neuroscience Knowledge Graphs	arXiv 2025/03	LLMs for automated named entity recognition and knowledge graph expansion in cognitive neuroscience literature.	-
Neurosurgery	AtlasGPT: dawn of a new era in neurosurgery for intelligent care augmentation, operative planning, and performance	Journal of Neurosurgery 2024	RAG-based LLM grounded in neurosurgical literature for precise surgical decision support and clinical summaries.	-
	LLM4DEU: Fine Tuning Large Language Model for Medical Diagnosis in Outpatient and Emergency Department Visits of Neurosurgery	Tsinghua Science and Technology 2025	Proposes LLM4DEU, a fine-tuned ChatGLM-based LLM for neurosurgical diagnosis in outpatient and emergency settings, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy, notably improving prediction for rare diseases over strong baselines.	-

Specific Diseases

Diseases	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Stroke	MBBo-RPSLD: Training a Multimodal BlenderBot for Rehabilitation in Post-Stroke Language Disorder	IEEE J Biomed Health Informatics 2025	Multimodal encoding and conversational generation for personalized speech rehab in post-stroke aphasia.	-
Parkinson’s Disease	Autohealth: Advanced llm-empowered wearable personalized medical butler for parkinson’s disease management	IEEE CCWC 2024	LLM-powered assistant fusing wearable and speech data for individualized Parkinson’s detection and management.	-
Alzheimer’s Disease	DALK: Dynamic Co-Augmentation of LLMs and KG to answer Alzheimer's Disease Questions with Scientific Literature	arXiv 2024/05	Builds a disease-specific knowledge graph using LLMs to enhance retrieval and Q&A for Alzheimer’s.	DALK
	DECT: Harnessing LLM-assisted Fine-Grained Linguistic Knowledge and Label-Switched and Label-Preserved Data Generation for Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease	arXiv 2025/02	Fine-tuned BioBERT extracts fine-grained linguistic features from speech for Alzheimer’s detection.	-
	AD-GPT: Large Language Models in Alzheimer's Disease	arXiv 2025/04	Stacked BERT-Llama3 model for Alzheimer’s genetic information retrieval and gene-disease relationship analysis.	-
	AD-AGENT: A Multi-agent Framework for End-to-end Anomaly Detection	arXiv 2025/05	Proposed an LLM-driven multi-agent system that turns natural language instructions into executable anomaly detection pipelines across multiple libraries and data modalities, making AD accessible for non-experts.	AD-AGENT
	Ad-autogpt: An autonomous gpt for alzheimer’s disease infodemiology	PLOS Global Public Health 2025	Langchain and GPT-4-based agent automates news collection and topic analysis for Alzheimer’s infodemiology.	AD-AutoGPT
	ADAgent: LLM Agent for Alzheimer's Disease Analysis with Collaborative Coordinator	arXiv 2025/06	Developed an extensible LLM agent integrating multiple specialized tools for multi-modal Alzheimer’s diagnosis and prognosis, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy.	-
	Reasoning-Based Approach with Chain-of-Thought for Alzheimer's Detection Using Speech and Large Language Models	arXiv 2025/06	Proposed a speech-to-text LLM framework with Chain-of-Thought reasoning for Alzheimer’s detection, achieving state-of-the-art accuracy and efficiency.	-
Vestibular Schwannoma	neuroGPT-X: toward a clinic-ready large language model	Journal of Neurosurgery 2023	RAG-enhanced GPT model with domain-specific literature and conversational memory for point-of-care support.	-
Epilepsy	EpilepsyLLM: Domain-specific large language model fine-tuned with epilepsy medical knowledge	arXiv 2024/01	LLaMA-based LLM fine-tuned on specialized instruction datasets to improve epilepsy domain expertise.	-
Chronic Vertigo	Classification of Chronic Dizziness Using Large Language Models	Journal of Healthcare Informatics Research 2025	LLM-driven feature extraction and interpretable ML for automated classification of chronic vertigo etiologies.	-

Reference Awesome-repo

• Neurology

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Diseases of the Eye and Adnexa (VII)

Medical Specialities

Speciality	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Ophthalmology	Ophtha-llama2: A large language model for ophthalmology	arXiv 2023/12	LoRA fine-tuning on clinical reports for ophthalmic impression generation from imaging.	-
	OphGLM: An ophthalmology large language-and-vision assistant	Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 2024	Multimodal model for interactive fundus image analysis and Q&A.	OphGLM
	EYE-Llama, an in-domain large language model for ophthalmology	bioRxiv 2024	Two-stage pretraining and QLoRA fine-tuning for improved ophthalmic QA.	EYE-Llama
	Eyegpt: Ophthalmic assistant with large language models	arXiv 2024/03	Domain-specific fine-tuning and retrieval-augmented generation for ophthalmic Q&A and reasoning.	-
	Eyefound: a multimodal generalist foundation model for ophthalmic imaging	arXiv 2024/05	Masked autoencoder for robust ocular and systemic disease prediction and VQA.	-
	Visionunite: A vision-language foundation model for ophthalmology enhanced with clinical knowledge	arXiv 2024/08	Fuses vision encoder and LLM for multimodal, multi-disease diagnosis and clinical explanation.	VisionUnite
	EyeCLIP: A visual-language foundation model for multi-modal ophthalmic image analysis	arXiv 2024/09	CLIP-based multimodal pretraining for zero-shot disease classification, prediction, and VQA.	EyeCLIP
	Language Enhanced Model for Eye (LEME): An Open-Source Ophthalmology-Specific Large Language Model	arXiv 2024/10	Instruction-tuned LLM for ophthalmic QA, diagnosis, and EHR summarization.	leme_eye_llm

Specific Diseases

Diseases	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Glaucoma	Xiaoqing: A Q&A model for glaucoma based on LLMs	Computers in Biology and Medicine 2024	LoRA fine-tuned ChatGLM-6B with RAG for glaucoma Q&A using specialized and external data.	Xiaoqing
Diabetic Retinopathy	DR-GPT: A large language model for medical report analysis of diabetic retinopathy patients	Plos One 2024	Fine-tuned transformer for automated severity and gradability classification from clinical reports.	-
Choroidal and Retinal Diseases	ICGA-GPT: report generation and question answering for indocyanine green angiography images	British Journal of Ophthalmology 2024	Multimodal LLM for bilingual report generation and Q&A from ICG angiography images.	-
	RetinalGPT: A Retinal Clinical Preference Conversational Assistant Powered by Large Vision-Language Models	arXiv 2025/03	LLaVA-like multimodal model for disease diagnosis, lesion localization, analysis, and dialogue on fundus images.	-
Age-related Macular Degeneration	Specialized curricula for training vision-language models in retinal image analysis	Preprint 2024	Instruction-tuned MiniGPT-4-like model for AMD staging, referral, report generation, and VQA on OCT.	SpecialistVLMs

Reference Awesome-repo

• Ophthalmology-chrisnielsen
• Ophthalmology-AIEyeSystem

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Diseases of the Ear and Mastoid Process (VIII)

Medical Specialities

Speciality	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Otolaryngology	ENTAgents: AI Agents for Complex Knowledge Otolaryngology	medRxiv 2025	ENTAgents integrates RAG and multi-agent LLMs to enhance clinical reasoning in otolaryngology.	-

Specific Diseases

Diseases	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Vestibular Schwannoma	neuroGPT-X: toward a clinic-ready large language model	Journal of Neurosurgery 2023	neuroGPT-X augments a GPT-based conversational platform with domain-specific knowledge for vestibular schwannoma management.	-

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Diseases of the Circulatory System (IX)

Medical Specialities

Speciality	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Cardiology	HuBERT-ECG: a self-supervised foundation model for broad and scalable cardiac applications	medRxiv 2024	HuBERT-ECG is a self-supervised foundation model for scalable cardiac tasks based on ECG data.	hubert-ecg-base
	Zodiac: A Cardiologist-Level LLM Framework for Multi-Agent Diagnostics	arXiv 2024/10	Zodiac uses a multi-agent LLM framework for multimodal patient data and cardiologist-level reporting.	-
	MoRE: Multi-Modal Contrastive Pre-training with Transformers on X-Rays, ECGs, and Diagnostic Report	arXiv 2024/10	MoRE enables zero-shot classification and cross-modal retrieval by integrating X-ray, ECG, and report representations.	MoRE
	CVDLLM: Automated Cardiovascular Disease Diagnosis with Large-Language-Model-Assisted Graph Attentive Feature Interaction	IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2025	CVDLLM combines time-series neural networks, graph attention, and LLM embeddings for ECG-based multi-disease classification.	-
	ECG-FM: An Open Electrocardiogram Foundation Model	arXiv 2025	Presents ECG-FM, an open transformer-based ECG foundation model pretrained on 1.5M ECGs using hybrid self-supervised learning, achieving state-of-the-art, label-efficient, and robust performance across multiple ECG analysis tasks.	ECG-FM
	CardioMind	-	CardioMind is a cardiovascular AI model designed to enhance intelligent medical diagnosis.	CardioMind
Internal Medicine	Inmd-x: Large language models for internal medicine doctors	arXiv 2024/02	InMD-X applies continued pre-training and LoRA-based fine-tuning for robust internal medicine QA.	-

Specific Diseases

Diseases	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Arrhythmia	Ecgbert: Understanding hidden language of ecgs with self-supervised representation learning	arXiv 2023/06	ECGBERT uses a BERT-style transformer for contextual ECG representation and precise arrhythmia detection.
	Ecg semantic integrator (esi): A foundation ecg model pretrained with llm-enhanced cardiological text	arXiv 2024/05	ESI integrates RAG and multimodal pretraining to automate ECG description and arrhythmia diagnosis.	ESI
Anomalous Aortic Origin of Coronary Arteries	LLM-TA: An LLM-Enhanced Thematic Analysis Pipeline for Transcripts from Parents of Children with Congenital Heart Disease	arXiv 2025/02	LLM-TA uses a GPT-4o-driven pipeline to extract codes and themes from interview transcripts for AAOCA.	LLM-TA

Reference Awesome-repo

• Cardiology

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Diseases of the Respiratory System (X)

Medical Specialities

Speciality	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Pulmonology	RespLLM: Unifying Audio and Text with Multimodal LLMs for Generalized Respiratory Health Prediction	arXiv 2024/10	RespLLM integrates clinical text and respiratory audio signals to automate comprehensive respiratory health screening and diagnosis.	RespLLM
	LUNG-GPT: Lung sound analysis with LLM-Based model	Preprint 2024	LUNG-GPT processes lung sound recordings via Mel-spectrograms and deep learning for disease detection and detailed respiratory event analysis.	-
	Towards open respiratory acoustic foundation models: Pretraining and benchmarking	NeurIPS 2024	The OPERA framework pre-trains three foundation models on 130,000+ respiratory sounds, outperforming general audio models on 16/19 health tasks and showing strong generalizability.	OPERA

Specific Diseases

Diseases	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Asthma	AsthmaBot: Multi-modal, Multi-Lingual Retrieval Augmented Generation For Asthma Patient Support	arXiv 2024/09	AsthmaBot applies multimodal, multilingual RAG to answer asthma-related questions using text, images, and videos.	-
Chronic Lung Disease (COPD)	Copd-ChatGLM: A Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diagnostic Model	IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine 2024	Copd-ChatGLM fine-tunes LLMs on patient histories and CT reports for accurate COPD diagnosis and personalized treatment recommendations.	-
	SpiroLLM: Finetuning Pretrained LLMs to Understand Spirogram Time Series with Clinical Validation in COPD Reporting	arXiv 2024/07	Developed the first multimodal LLM that fuses spirogram time-series and PFT data for automated, interpretable COPD report generation, achieving high accuracy and robustness validated on large-scale clinical data.	SpiroLLM
Pneumonia	PneumoNet: Artificial Intelligence Assistance for Pneumonia Detection on X-Rays	Applied Sciences 2025	Developed an AI system with modified AlexNet and GPT-Neo for accurate and explainable pneumonia detection and reporting from X-rays.	-
	Multimodal model for pneumonia detection based on enhanced stacking MOE	IEEE EIECC 2024	Developed a multimodal stacking MOE model with ResNet-50 and BERT, achieving superior pneumonia detection over single-modality models.	-
COVID-19	CovidLLM: A Robust Large Language Model with Missing Value Adaptation and Multi-Objective Learning Strategy for Predicting Disease Severity and Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients	arXiv 2024/11	Instruction-tuned LLM (ChatGLM) using prompt-based missing value handling and multi-objective learning to predict COVID-19 severity and outcomes from serological data.	CovidLLM
	Assessing LLMs to Improve the Prediction of COVID-19 Status Using Microbiome Data	Report / Poster 2025	Comparative benchmarking of four transformer-based LLMs (AAM, DNABERT, DNABERT-2, GROVER) for COVID-19 prediction from hospital-derived 16S rRNA microbiome data, demonstrating that domain-specific pretraining (AAM) yields superior predictive performance over general genomic models.	COVID-LLM

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Diseases of the Digestive System (XI)

Medical Specialities

Speciality	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Stomatology	Cephgpt-4: An interactive multimodal cephalometric measurement and diagnostic system with visual large language model	arXiv 2023/07	Multimodal fine-tuning automates cephalometric X-ray analysis and interactive doctor-patient dialogue.	-
	Dental Loop Chatbot: A Prototype Large Language Model Framework for Dentistry	Software 2024	LLaMA2-based chatbot with RAG delivers real-time, guideline-driven clinical decision support for dental care.	Dental-Loop-Chatbot
Hepatology	Development of a liver disease–specific large language model chat interface using retrieval-augmented generation	Hepatology 2024	RAG-integrated LLM provides accurate, knowledge-based Q&A and decision support for liver diseases.	-
Gastroenterology	GastroBot: a Chinese gastrointestinal disease chatbot based on the retrieval-augmented generation	Frontiers in Medicine 2024	RAG-based chatbot with GI disease knowledge base delivers precise, explainable answers and diagnostic advice.	ragbot

Specific Diseases

Diseases	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Periodontal Diseases	Development and Comparative Evaluation of a Reinstructed GPT-4o Model Specialized in Periodontology	Journal of Clinical Periodontology 2025	GPT-4o enhanced with RAG and knowledge base provides accurate, context-aware answers in periodontology.	-

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Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue (XII)

Medical Specialities

Speciality	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Dermatology	Pre-trained multimodal large language model enhances dermatological diagnosis using SkinGPT-4	Nature Communications 2024	Multimodal system aligns vision transformer and LLM to diagnose skin images and recommend interactive treatments.	SkinGPT-4
	SkinGEN: An explainable dermatology diagnosis-to-generation framework with interactive vision-language models	IUI 2025	Uses SkinGPT-4 for image-based diagnosis and integrates Stable Diffusion for personalized visual explanations.	-
	OpenBioLLm-Derm: A Dermatology Large Language Model Based on Llama-3	-	Fine-tuned LLaMA model providing accurate, clear, and helpful answers for dermatological Q&A and education.	OpenBioLLm-Derm
	SkinSavvy2: Augmented Skin Lesion Diagnosis and Personalized Medical Consultation System	Electronics 2025	Presents SkinSavvy2, integrating state-of-the-art image classifiers and GPT-4 to provide accurate skin lesion diagnosis and personalized care recommendations.	-
	MM-Skin: Enhancing Dermatology Vision-Language Model with an Image-Text Dataset Derived from Textbooks	arXiv 2025/05	Presents MM-Skin, a comprehensive dermatology image-text dataset, and SkinVL, a fine-tuned vision-language model that sets new benchmarks in dermatology VQA and diagnosis.	MM-Skin

Specific Diseases

Diseases	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Mpox Virus	MpoxVLM: A Vision-Language Model for Diagnosing Skin Lesions from Mpox Virus Infection	arXiv 2024/11	Multimodal VLM (CLIP, ViT, LLaMA2) jointly analyzes images and clinical info for accurate mpox diagnosis.	-

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Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue (XIII)

Medical Specialities

Speciality	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Orthopedics	Ortho AI: World’s first artificial intelligence in orthopaedics	Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 2023	Multimodal AI integrates imaging and text for automated bone disease recognition and decision support.	-
	Orthodoc: Multimodal large language model for assisting diagnosis in computed tomography	arXiv 2024/09	Multimodal fine-tuning with RAG and reasoning for orthopedic CT interpretation and diagnostic reporting.	-

Specific Diseases

Diseases	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Rheumatoid Arthritis	Hengqin-RA-v1: Advanced Large Language Model for Diagnosis and Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Dataset based Traditional Chinese Medicine	arXiv 2025/01	LoRA-adapted LLM fuses TCM and clinical data for RA diagnosis, syndrome differentiation, and treatment.	-
Osteoarthritis	Evaluating and Enhancing Large Language Models Performance in Domain-specific Medicine: Osteoarthritis Management with DocOA	arXiv 2024/01	RAG-based GPT-4 enables evidence-based Q&A and individualized OA management using external knowledge.	DocOA
Spondyloarthritis	Assessing and Optimizing Large Language Models on Spondyloarthritis Multi-Choice Question Answering: Protocol for Enhancement and Assessment	JMIR Res Protoc 2024/05	Proposes a 222-question SpA benchmark, fine-tunes LLMs with real clinical data, and establishes an evaluation protocol to improve diagnostic accuracy and reasoning for spondyloarthritis.	-
Spine	SpineGPT: AI assisted total spinal care solution	-	Fine-tuned multimodal LLM provides diagnosis, counseling, and surgical support for spinal diseases.	spineai
Rib Fracture	OrthoInsight: Rib Fracture Diagnosis and Report Generation Based on Multi-Modal Large Models	arXiv 2025/07	Introduces a multimodal model integrating image detection and medical knowledge to automate rib fracture diagnosis and generate superior CT reports.	-
Chronic low back pain (CLBP)	Enhancing treatment decision-making for low back pain: a novel framework integrating large language models with retrieval-augmented generation technology	Frontiers in Medicine 2025/05	Presents CLBP-ClinicGPT, a hybrid LLM and RAG system with expert-style prompting, delivering superior and personalized treatment recommendations for chronic low back pain over baseline models.	-

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Diseases of the Genitourinary System (XIV)

Medical Specialities

Speciality	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Nephrology	KidneyTalk-open: No-code Deployment of a Private Large Language Model with Medical Documentation-Enhanced Knowledge Database for Kidney Disease	arXiv 2025/03	Integrates LLMs and a nephrology knowledge base for documentation-enhanced QA and decision support in kidney diseases.	KidneyTalk-open

Specific Diseases

Diseases	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Acute Kidney Injury	AKIBoards: A Structure-Following Multiagent System for Predicting Acute Kidney Injury	arXiv 2025/04	Introduces AKIBoards, a multiagent LLM framework using global structure learning and agent collaboration for more accurate and explainable AKI prediction.	-
Kidney Stone	Identifying Kidney Stone Risk Factors Through Patient Experiences With a Large Language Model: Text Analysis and Empirical Study	Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025/05	Presents KS-GPT, a GPT-4 model with expert-guided prompting to accurately identify known and novel kidney stone risk factors from Chinese social media.	-
Chronic Kidney Disease	CKD-AI	-	GPT-4-powered chatbot providing personalized CKD information and self-management guidance.	CKD-AI
Kidney Transplantation	exKidneyBERT: a language model for kidney transplant pathology reports and the crucial role of extended vocabularies	PeerJ Computer Science 2024	Uses an extended Clinical BERT to extract and classify key pathology report information in kidney transplantation.	exKidneyBERT

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Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Puerperium (XV)

Specific Diseases

Diseases	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Gestational Diabetes	Developing a GraphRAG-enabled local-LLM for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus	medRxiv 2025/04	Introduces a GraphRAG-based local LLM that uses knowledge graphs for explainable, accurate, and context-aware decision support in gestational diabetes management.	-

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Certain Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period (XVI)

Medical Specialities

Speciality	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Pediatrics	PediatricsGPT: Large language models as chinese medical assistants for pediatric applications	NeurIPS 2024	Multi-stage pre-training and instruction tuning for pediatric Q&A, diagnosis, and treatment recommendations.	PediatricsGPT
	A Medical Multimodal Large Language Model for Pediatric Pneumonia	IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 2025	Multimodal encoders and staged training to generate pediatric pneumonia reports from text and images.	-
	MedicalGLM: A Pediatric Medical Question Answering Model with a quality evaluation mechanism	Journal of Biomedical Informatics 2025	Reward modeling and quality-driven fine-tuning for high-quality pediatric medical responses.	-
Pediatric Cardiology	Development and Validation of a Pediatric Cardiology-Specific Large Language Model Chat Interface using Retrieval Augmented Generation	Circulation 2024	Retrieval-augmented generation and prompt engineering for specialized pediatric cardiology Q&A interface.	-

Specific Diseases

Diseases	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Perioperative Sepsis	Large language models for predicting perioperative sepsis	Applied Intelligence 2025	Presents an interpretable Gemini-based LLM that textualizes perioperative sepsis data for accurate and explainable prediction and treatment support.	-

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Congenital Malformations, Deformations, and Chromosomal Abnormalities (XVII)

Medical Specialities

Speciality	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Rare Disease	Rare disease diagnosis using knowledge guided retrieval augmentation for ChatGPT	Journal of Biomedical Informatics 2024	Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances ChatGPT for context-aware rare disease diagnosis with explainable reasoning.	-
	RDguru: a conversational intelligent agent for rare diseases	IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 2024	Integrates LangChain-based RAG, ontology-based phenotype annotation, and multi-source fusion for traceable rare disease diagnosis.	-
	Zebra-Llama: A Context-Aware Large Language Model for Democratizing Rare Disease Knowledge	arXiv 2024/11	LoRA fine-tuned LLM with precise RAG pipeline provides accessible, well-cited Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome responses.	zebra-llama
	RareAgents: Advancing Rare Disease Care through LLM-Empowered Multi-disciplinary Team	arXiv 2024/12	Introduces RareAgents, an LLM-based multi-agent framework for rare disease diagnosis and treatment, and the MIMIC-IV-EXT-RARE dataset.	-
	RDmaster: A novel phenotype-oriented dialogue system supporting differential diagnosis of rare disease	Computers in Biology and Medicine 2024	Introduces RDmaster, a web-based Q&A system that enhances rare disease diagnosis by actively collecting key phenotypes and outperforming LLMs and existing tools.	-

Specific Diseases

Diseases	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Congenital Heart Disease	Development and Validation of a Pediatric Cardiology-Specific Large Language Model Chat Interface using Retrieval Augmented Generation	Circulation 2024	Retrieval-augmented generation and prompt engineering for pediatric cardiology clinical question answering.	-

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Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact with Health Services (XXI)

Medical Specialities

Speciality	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Radiology	Roentgen: vision-language foundation model for chest x-ray generation	arXiv 2022/11	Latent diffusion model for text-to-image chest X-ray synthesis and data augmentation.	RoentGen
	Xraygpt: Chest radiographs summarization using medical vision-language models	arXiv 2023/06	Multimodal architecture aligning MedClip encoder with Vicuna LLM for image-grounded summaries.	XrayGPT
	CohortGPT: An enhanced gpt for participant recruitment in clinical study	arXiv 2023/07	Uses knowledge graphs and dynamic CoT prompting for clinical text classification in participant recruitment.	-
	Radiology-Llama2: Best-in-class large language model for radiology	arXiv 2023/09	Instruction-tuned and LoRA-fine-tuned Llama for radiology report generation.	-
	ChatRadio-Valuer: A chat large language model for generalizable radiology report generation	arXiv 2023/10	Supervised fine-tuning on Llama2 with domain-specific data for radiology report generation.	-
	Radialog: A large vision-language model for radiology report generation and conversational assistance	arXiv 2023/11	Vision-language pipeline for interactive radiology report generation and assistance.	RaDialog
	Cxr-clip: Toward large scale chest x-ray language-image pre-training	MICCAI 2023	CLIP-based vision-language model for zero/few-shot disease classification and retrieval.	cxr-clip
	R2gengpt: Radiology report generation with frozen llms	Meta-Radiology 2023	Vision-language pipeline aligning visual features with LLMs for automated report generation.	R2GenGPT
	A Vision-Language foundation model to enhance efficiency of chest x-ray interpretation	arXiv 2024/01	Foundation vision-language model for comprehensive chest X-ray interpretation.	CheXagent
	Radiology-GPT: a large language model for radiology	Meta-Radiology 2025	LoRA-based fine-tuning on Llama for generating clinical impressions from radiological findings.	-
Pathology	PathGPT	-	Fine-tuned Llama-7B for pathology question answering.	PathGPT
	A visual-language foundation model for computational pathology	Nature Medicine 2024	Contrastive vision-language foundation model for histology classification, segmentation, and retrieval.	CONCH
	Pa-llava: A large language-vision assistant for human pathology image understanding	IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine 2024	Multimodal assistant for pathology image understanding and visual Q&A via staged training.	PA-LLaVA
Anesthesiology	Hypnos: A domain-specific large language model for anesthesiology	Neurocomputing 2025	Progressively fine-tuned Llama for anesthesia-specific question answering and exam tasks.	-

Reference Awesome-repo

• Pathology
• Radiology

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Codes for Special Purposes (XXII)

Medical Specialities

Speciality	Paper	Submitted in	Description	Repo/Demo
Traditional Chinese Medicine	Qibo: A large language model for traditional chinese medicine	arXiv 2024/03	Two-phase training with retrieval-augmented prompting for TCM Q&A and prescription entity recognition.	-
	BianCang: A Traditional Chinese Medicine Large Language Model	arXiv 2024/11	Two-stage training on Qwen2/2.5 for improved syndrome differentiation, diagnosis, and Q&A.	BianCang-TCM-LLM
	Lingdan: enhancing encoding of traditional Chinese medicine knowledge for clinical reasoning tasks with large language models	JAMIA 2024	QLoRA fine-tuning and chain-of-thought reasoning for patent medicine Q&A, symptom analysis, and herbal prescription recommendation.	LingdanLLM
	TCMChat: A generative large language model for traditional Chinese medicine	Pharmacological Research 2024	Pre-training and supervised fine-tuning for TCM knowledge Q&A, diagnosis, and formula recommendation.	TCMChat
	TCM-GPT: Efficient pre-training of large language models for domain adaptation in Traditional Chinese Medicine	Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine Update 2024	Keyword-driven corpus retrieval and LoRA-based fine-tuning for TCM exams and clinical diagnosis.	-
	MedChatZH: A tuning LLM for traditional Chinese medicine consultations	Computers in Biology and Medicine 2024	Continued pre-training and instruction tuning on Baichuan-7B for TCM Q&A and patient dialogue.	MedChatZH
	PresRecST: A novel herbal prescription recommendation algorithm for real-world patients with integration of syndrome differentiation and treatment planning	Oxford University Press 2024	A knowledge graph-based model for TCM prescription recommendation aligned with clinical practice.	PresRecST
	Zhongjing: Enhancing the chinese medical capabilities of large language model through expert feedback and real-world multi-turn dialogue	AAAI 2024	Continual pre-training and RLHF for multi-turn TCM dialogue, diagnostic support, and drug recommendation.	Zhongjing
	CPMI-ChatGLM: parameter-efficient fine-tuning ChatGLM with Chinese patent medicine instructions	Scientific Reports 2024	Parameter-efficient fine-tuning for patent medicine recommendation and usage instruction automation.	CPMI-ChatGLM
	TCM-FTP: Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Herbal Prescription Prediction	IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine 2024	LoRA-based supervised fine-tuning for herbal prescription and dosage prediction.	-
	TCM-KLLaMA: Intelligent generation model for Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions based on knowledge graph and large language model	Computers in Biology and Medicine 2025	Knowledge graph and synonym matching with LoRA fine-tuning for improved prescription accuracy.	-
	MCM: Multimodal Chinese Medical Large Model	-	Continual pre-training and multimodal fusion for comprehensive TCM Q&A, consultation, and knowledge graph construction.	-
	TCMLLM: Traditional Chinese Medicine Model	-	Large-scale instruction tuning of ChatGLM for auxiliary diagnosis, syndrome differentiation, and prescription generation.	-

Reference Awesome-repo

• https://github.com/ITCML/Awesome-Traditional-Chinese-Medicine-Compute

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