SSL

June 29, 2026 ยท View on GitHub

TODO: not ported yet

SSL Test Domain

No SSL Domain

Useful for getting the capture portal on wifi networks to appear.

This site never uses SSL:

http://neverssl.com

SSLLabs

Detailed report on your website's SSL certificate:

https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/

Convert Certs and Private Key to PEM format

Using OpenSSL...

Convert the public cert:

openssl x509 -in "$name.crt" -out "$name.pem" -outform PEM

Convert the private key:

openssl rsa -in "$name-private.key" -out "$name-privatekey.pem" -outform PEM

For any intermediate chain certs:

openssl x509 -in chain.crt -out chain.pem -outform PEM

Find the Right Intermediate Chain Certificate

Inspect Cert Issuer

openssl x509 -in "$name-cert.pem" -noout -issuer

Output:

issuer= /C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/CN=DigiCert Global G2 TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1

Inspect Chain Certificate

openssl x509 -in "$chain.pem" -noout -subject

eg.

openssl x509 -in "DigiCert Global G2 TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1.pem" -noout -subject

Output:

subject= /C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/CN=DigiCert Global G2 TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1

openssl x509 -in "DigiCert Global Root G2.pem" -noout -subject

Output:

subject= /C=US/O=DigiCert Inc/OU=www.digicert.com/CN=DigiCert Global Root G2

The right chain certificate is the one that matches the output from your domain cert, in this case:

DigiCert Global G2 TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1.pem

If the issuer and subject are the same for a chain certificate, it is the root certificate

This makes sense when you look at the file naming as the other certificate is the Root CA certificate, not an intermediate chain certificate.

Confirm the Chain of Trust

Since each chain certificate may lead to a different root certificate, you can confirm the complete chain of trust.

Inspect the Chain Certificate Issuer

openssl x509 -in "DigiCert Global G2 TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1.pem" -noout -issuer -subject

Inspect the Root CA Certificate Subject

openssl x509 -in "DigiCert Global Root G2.pem" -noout -issuer -subject

If the chain cert issuer matches the root CA cert subject, then the chain of trust is complete.

Combine Certificates into Complete Chain of Trust

Add the intermediate chain certificate for maximum client compatibility (had issues with this in public Ad Tech due to some clients not being able to resolve the intermediate chain certificate themselves).

cat "$name-cert.pem" "DigiCert Global G2 TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1.pem" > fullchain.pem

Or including the root certificate - you'd think it'd not be needed as most browsers should already have the root CA cert in their list of trusted certs but see the next section verify the chain...

cat "$name-cert.pem" "DigiCert Global G2 TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1.pem" "DigiCert Global Root G2.pem" > fullchain-with-root.pem

Verify the Chain

openssl verify -CAfile fullchain.pem "$name-cert.pem"

Output:

$name-cert.pem: C = US, O = DigiCert Inc, CN = DigiCert Global G2 TLS RSA SHA256 2020 CA1
error 2 at 1 depth lookup:unable to get issuer certificate

openssl verify -CAfile fullchain-with-root.pem "$name-cert.pem"

Output:

$name-cert.pem: OK

Check Base64 Encoding

Check the Certificate Encoding

openssl x509 -in "$name-cert.pem" -text -noout

Output:

Certificate:
  ...

Check the Private Key Encoding

openssl rsa -in "$name-privatekey.pem" -check

Output:

RSA key ok
writing RSA key
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
...

Check the Chain Certificate Encoding

openssl x509 -in "$chain.pem" -text -noout

Output:

Certificate:
  ...

Correct Base64 Padding

If you're getting errors like this:

Invalid base64: "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----

Re-pad the files:

grep -v -- "-----" "$name-cert.pem" | base64 --decode | base64 > "$name-cert-fixed.pem"

grep -v -- "-----" "$name-privatekey.pem" | base64 --decode | base64 > "$name-privatekey-fixed.pem"

grep -v -- "-----" "$chain.pem" | base64 --decode | base64 > "$chain-fixed.pem"

JKS - Java Key Store

Inspect Java Key Store

List keystore entries:

keytool -list -keystore "$JKS_NAME".jks -storepass "$JKS_PASSWORD"

List keystore entries with detailed info:

keytool -list -v -keystore "$JKS_NAME".jks -storepass "$JKS_PASSWORD"

List a specific alias:

keytool -list -v -keystore "$JKS_NAME".jks -alias "$JKS_KEY_ALIAS" -storepass "$JKS_PASSWORD"

Check the certificate chain in RFC (PEM) format:

keytool -list -rfc -keystore "$JKS_NAME".jks -storepass "$JKS_PASSWORD"

Export the cert:

keytool -export -alias "$JKS_KEY_ALIAS" -keystore "$JKS_NAME".jks -storepass "$JKS_PASSWORD" -file "$JKS_NAME"_cert.cer

View the extracted certificate:

openssl x509 -in "$JKS_NAME"_cert.cer -text -noout

Convert JKS to PKCS12

keytool -importkeystore -srckeystore "$JKS_NAME".jks -destkeystore "$JKS_NAME".p12 -deststoretype PKCS12 -srcstorrcalias "$JKS_KEY_ALIAS" -srckeypass "$JKS_KEY_PASSWORD"

Different store and key passwords are not supported for p12 stores so -destkeypass is not needed and would be ignored with this warning:

Warning:  Different store and key passwords not supported for PKCS12 KeyStores. Ignoring user-specified -destkeypass value.

Inspect the p12:

openssl pkcs12 -info -in "$JKS_NAME".p12 -passin env:JKS_PASSWORD -passout env:JKS_PASSWORD

Troubleshooting

Error outputting keys and certificates

Error outputting keys and certificates
C01EECDE01000000:error:0308010C:digital envelope routines:inner_evp_generic_fetch:unsupported:crypto/evp/evp_fetch.c:355:Global default library context, Algorithm (RC2-40-CBC : 0), Properties ()

Add this switch to support legacy algorithms:

-legacy

eg.

openssl pkcs12 -in "$file.p12" -info -noout -password pass:"$CERTIFICATE_PASSWORD" -legacy

MAC: sha1, Iteration 1
MAC length: 20, salt length: 8
PKCS7 Encrypted data: pbeWithSHA1And40BitRC2-CBC, Iteration 2048
Certificate bag
PKCS7 Data
Shrouded Keybag: pbeWithSHA1And3-KeyTripleDES-CBC, Iteration 2048