🧠 Agent Memory Techniques

Learn every agent memory technique for LLM agents.

⭐ If you find this useful, please star the repo so more learners can discover it.

🧭 New here? Start with 01 Conversation Buffer Memory or pick a Learning Path. Prefer a visual? See the Decision Tree below. 30 runnable Jupyter notebooks covering conversation buffers, vector stores, knowledge graphs, episodic and semantic memory, working memory, MemGPT, Mem0, Letta, Zep, Graphiti, LoCoMo benchmarks, and production memory patterns.

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💡 Why Agent Memory Matters

💡 Quick Answer (for search engines and skimmers)

Agent memory is the set of techniques that let an LLM-based agent (a system built around a Large Language Model) remember information across turns, sessions, and tasks. Without memory, an agent re-derives context every time and cannot personalize, learn, or maintain coherence over long interactions. This repository documents 30 distinct memory techniques, grouped into six families: short-term context management, long-term storage, cognitive architectures, retrieval and multi-agent patterns, batteries-included frameworks, and production deployment patterns.

Think about a friend who forgets every conversation you've ever had. Every morning you're strangers again. That's what most AI agents are like today.

Every AI agent eventually hits the same wall: it forgets.

In 2026, AI agents are everywhere. But most of them still forget what you told them yesterday. Without strong memory, an agent can't keep context across conversations. It can't learn from past chats. It can't build a lasting relationship with you.

The landscape is shifting fast:

• Anthropic's 7 Layers of Memory (March 2026): from conversation context to cross-project knowledge, defining the memory hierarchy for Claude Code
• Mem0: managed memory layer gaining rapid adoption for personalized AI
• Letta (MemGPT): self-editing memory with inner/outer monologue architecture
• Zep: temporal knowledge graphs for long-term agent memory
• Graphiti: episodic-to-semantic knowledge graph extraction
• MemOS & Memori: memory-as-infrastructure platforms for production agents

But there's no single hands-on guide that teaches you how each technique works, when to use it, and how to build it yourself.

That's why this repository exists. 30 techniques. Runnable notebooks. Real code you can use today.

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🗺️ Taxonomy of Agent Memory Techniques

The 30 techniques fall into six families. Each family solves a different memory problem. Each technique lives in its own notebook.

Family	What it solves	Techniques
Short-term	Keep recent turns in memory without filling up the context window.	01 - 05
Long-term	Save knowledge across sessions, users, and time.	06 - 11
Cognitive architectures	Working, hierarchical, and reflective memory systems.	12 - 19
Retrieval & routing	Choose what to recall and when.	20 - 23
Frameworks	Production-ready memory libraries (Mem0, Letta, Zep, Graphiti).	24 - 27
Evaluation & production	Measure, benchmark, and deploy memory.	28 - 30

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🧭 Which Technique Do I Need?

30 techniques grouped by what you are building. Pick the group that matches your goal, then open the technique inside it.

Quick text version:

• Need to manage the current chat? Start with 01-05 (short-term memory).
• Need to persist across sessions? Start with 06 Vector Store or 21 Cross-Session Memory.
• Building a cognitive architecture with multiple stores? See 12-19.
• Using a framework? Go straight to 24 Graphiti, 25 Mem0, 26 Letta, or 27 Zep.
• Evaluating or shipping to production? See 28-30.

Still not sure? Start with 01 Conversation Buffer. Almost every other technique builds on it.

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📐 Compare Techniques at a Glance

Looking to filter by constraint (persistence, retrieval style, token cost, best-for use case)? See the side-by-side comparison matrix covering all 30 techniques in one table.

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📚 All 30 Techniques

🔄 Short-Term Memory (Techniques 1-5)

Manage the conversation inside a single chat.

#	Technique	Description	Notebook
01	Conversation Buffer Memory	Save the full conversation, word for word. The simplest pattern, and the base for everything else.	✅ Notebook ·
02	Sliding Window Memory	Keep only the last few messages. You limit the size, but you keep the recent parts.	✅ Notebook ·
03	Summary Memory	Replace old turns with a short summary written by the model. You lose length but keep the meaning.	✅ Notebook ·
04	Summary Buffer Memory	Summarize older turns, but keep recent messages word for word. You get both.	✅ Notebook ·
05	Token Buffer Memory	Trim the history to fit a strict token budget. Drop the oldest messages first.	✅ Notebook ·

💾 Long-Term Memory (Techniques 6-11)

Storage that survives across sessions and users.

#	Technique	Description	Notebook
06	Vector Store Memory	Turn past messages into vectors (number lists that capture meaning). Search them later by similarity.	✅ Notebook ·
07	Entity Memory	Pull out and track facts about people, projects, and preferences. Update them as the conversation grows.	✅ Notebook ·
08	Knowledge Graph Memory	Build a graph of how entities connect. Walk the graph to reason over what the agent has learned.	✅ Notebook ·
09	Episodic Memory	Store complete interactions with when-and-where context. Good for "what happened when" questions.	✅ Notebook ·
10	Semantic Memory	Pull general facts out of interactions. Store them on their own, away from the raw episodes.	✅ Notebook ·
11	Procedural Memory	Capture "how-to" knowledge: the procedures and workflows the agent picks up over time.	✅ Notebook ·

🧩 Cognitive Architectures (Techniques 12-19)

Patterns borrowed from how humans remember.

#	Technique	Description	Notebook
12	Working Memory & Context Window	Manage the agent's limited attention. Prioritize, pin, and evict context on the fly.	✅ Notebook ·
13	Hierarchical Memory Layers	Tiered storage with hot, warm, and cold layers. Promote and demote items as they age.	✅ Notebook ·
14	Memory Consolidation	Merge, deduplicate, and strengthen memories. Inspired by how the brain consolidates during sleep.	✅ Notebook ·
15	Memory Compaction	Compress stored memories with summaries, entity extraction, or distillation. Save storage and tokens.	✅ Notebook ·
16	Self-Reflection Memory	The agent looks back at its own actions. It writes notes on what worked, and uses them next time.	✅ Notebook ·
17	Memory Routing	Pick the right memory store to read from or write to. Route by content type and intent.	✅ Notebook ·
18	Temporal Memory	Attach timestamps to memories. Retrieve with time awareness and weight recent items higher.	✅ Notebook ·
19	Forgetting & Decay	Forget on purpose. Use decay, access counts, or relevance to prune.	✅ Notebook ·

🔍 Retrieval & Multi-Agent (Techniques 20-23)

How agents find and share memories.

#	Technique	Description	Notebook
20	Memory Retrieval Patterns	Compare retrieval strategies: semantic search, recency, hybrid scoring, diversity, and re-ranking.	✅ Notebook ·
21	Cross-Session Memory	Save and reload agent state across sessions. The user picks up where they left off.	✅ Notebook ·
22	Multi-Agent Shared Memory	Shared stores, message passing, and agreement protocols for multi-agent teams.	✅ Notebook ·
23	Memory with Tools	Give the agent memory tools it can call: save, search, forget. Treated like any other tool.	✅ Notebook ·

🔧 Frameworks & Platforms (Techniques 24-27)

Work with the leading memory frameworks, hands-on.

#	Technique	Description	Notebook
24	Graph Memory with Graphiti	Use Zep's Graphiti to build time-aware knowledge graphs from chat. Extract episodes and general facts.	✅ Notebook ·
25	Mem0 Patterns	Use Mem0's managed memory layer. It handles extracting, storing, and fetching user-specific memories.	✅ Notebook ·
26	Letta (MemGPT) Patterns	Build MemGPT's self-editing memory. Covers inner monologue, heartbeat events, and memory pressure.	✅ Notebook ·
27	Zep Memory	Use Zep for dialog classification, entity extraction, and time-aware graphs. Built for production.	✅ Notebook ·

📊 Evaluation & Production (Techniques 28-30)

Measure your memory. Then ship it.

#	Technique	Description	Notebook
28	Memory Evaluation	Measure memory quality. Check retrieval precision and recall, staleness, contradictions, and user satisfaction.	✅ Notebook ·
29	Memory Benchmarks (LoCoMo)	Run your memory against LoCoMo and LongMemEval benchmarks. See how it does over long conversations.	✅ Notebook ·
30	Production Memory Patterns	Run memory at scale. Caching, TTLs (time-to-live), sharding, backups, GDPR, and observability.	✅ Notebook ·

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🎯 Learning Paths

Beginner: Foundations

New to agent memory? Start here. These are the building blocks.

01 Conversation Buffer → 02 Sliding Window → 03 Summary Memory →
05 Token Buffer → 06 Vector Store Memory → 21 Cross-Session Memory

Intermediate: Structured Memory

Ready for more? Add entities, graphs, and smarter retrieval.

07 Entity Memory → 08 Knowledge Graph → 09 Episodic Memory →
10 Semantic Memory → 20 Retrieval Patterns → 22 Multi-Agent Shared Memory

Advanced: Cognitive Architectures

Build human-inspired memory patterns for advanced agents.

12 Working Memory → 13 Hierarchical Layers → 14 Consolidation →
16 Self-Reflection → 17 Memory Routing → 19 Forgetting & Decay

Practitioner: Frameworks & Production

Connect to production tools and measure what you've built.

25 Mem0 → 26 Letta/MemGPT → 24 Graphiti → 27 Zep →
28 Evaluation → 29 Benchmarks → 30 Production Patterns

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🚀 Quick Start

💡 Prefer not to install anything? Every notebook renders on GitHub directly. Click a technique in the table above to read it in your browser. Or use the Colab badges to run it in the cloud.

# Clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/NirDiamant/Agent_Memory_Techniques.git
cd Agent_Memory_Techniques

# Create a virtual environment
python -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate  # On Windows: venv\Scripts\activate

# Install dependencies
pip install -r requirements.txt

# Set up your API keys
cp .env.example .env
# Edit .env with your OPENAI_API_KEY and/or ANTHROPIC_API_KEY

# Launch Jupyter and start with the first technique
jupyter notebook all_techniques/01_conversation_buffer_memory/

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📁 Project Structure

Agent_Memory_Techniques/
├── README.md                           # You are here
├── ROADMAP.md                          # Current state and what's next
├── LICENSE                             # Apache 2.0
├── CITATION.cff                        # How to cite this work
├── requirements.txt                    # Python dependencies
├── .env.example                        # API key template
├── llms.txt                            # LLM-discoverability index
│
├── all_techniques/                     # 30 technique folders, each with notebook + README
│   ├── 01_conversation_buffer_memory/
│   ├── 02_sliding_window_memory/
│   ├── ...
│   └── 30_production_memory_patterns/
│
├── docs/                               # Project documentation
│   ├── architecture.md                 # Memory system design patterns
│   ├── comparison.md                   # Side-by-side comparison of all 30 techniques
│   ├── glossary.md                     # Key terms and definitions
│   ├── learning_path.md                # Detailed learning path guide
│   ├── topics.md                       # Keyword index
│   ├── roadmap.md                      # Original planning archive
│   ├── FAQ.md                          # Frequently asked questions
│   └── CONTENT_STANDARDS.md            # Writing-style rules
│
├── .github/                            # GitHub community files
│   ├── CONTRIBUTING.md                 # How to contribute
│   ├── CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md              # Community guidelines
│   ├── SECURITY.md                     # Security policy
│   ├── FUNDING.yml                     # Sponsorship config
│   ├── ISSUE_TEMPLATE/                 # Issue templates
│   ├── pull_request_template.md        # PR template
│   └── workflows/                      # CI workflows
│
├── utils/                              # Shared helpers and validators
│   ├── helpers.py                      # Env loading, LLM clients, cosine, tokens
│   ├── validate_cells.py               # Notebook cell-structure validator
│   └── validate_style.py               # Prose-style validator
│
├── tests/                              # pytest smoke tests
├── data/                               # Small sample datasets
└── images/                             # Diagrams and visuals

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🤝 Contributing

We welcome contributions. You can fill in a notebook, fix a bug, improve the docs, or propose a new technique. Every contribution helps the next reader.

See CONTRIBUTING.md for the details.

Where we need help the most:

• More techniques we haven't covered yet (propose one via an issue)
• Architecture diagrams (Mermaid or ASCII)
• More memory benchmarks and evaluation metrics
• Integration examples for new frameworks

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💖 Sponsors

Supporting this project helps keep educational AI content free and open. If your company uses agent memory in production, consider sponsoring to get your logo below.

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🔗 Related Work

This repo is part of a bigger collection of AI technique tutorials.

Repository	Stars	Focus
RAG Techniques	26k+	Retrieval-Augmented Generation techniques
GenAI Agents	21k+	Generative AI agent architectures
Agents Towards Production	18k+	Production-grade agent deployment
Prompt Engineering	7k+	Prompt engineering techniques

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🏷️ Topics Covered

This repository is a practical reference for agent memory in Large Language Model (LLM) applications. For the full keyword index covering short-term, long-term, cognitive architectures, retrieval, frameworks, evaluation, and production patterns, see docs/topics.md.

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⚠️ Disclaimer

This repository is for educational purposes. The code here shows how agent memory techniques work. It is not production-ready software. Do not use it as-is for handling regulated data, medical decisions, legal advice, or any high-stakes application without a careful review. The authors accept no responsibility for how you use this material.

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📄 License

This project is licensed under the Apache License 2.0. See the LICENSE file for details.

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📖 Citation

If you use this repository in your research or teaching, please cite:

@misc{diamant2026agentmemory,
    title={Agent Memory Techniques: A Comprehensive Collection},
    author={Nir Diamant},
    year={2026},
    url={https://github.com/NirDiamant/Agent_Memory_Techniques
}

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Built with care by Nir Diamant, making advanced AI accessible to everyone.

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