A taxonomy of Unsupervised Industrial Anomaly Detection (UIAD) methods and datasets (updating).

Welcome to follow our papers "A survey on RGB, 3D, and multimodal approaches for unsupervised industrial image anomaly detection".

If you find any errors in our survey and resource repository, or if you have any suggestions, please feel free to contact us via email at: olsunnylo@outlook.com.

News

• [2025.03.19] 🔥🔥 Accepted by Information Fusion!

Contents

• Overview
  • Roadmap
  • Paradigms
• RGB UIAD
  • Datasets
  • Methods
• 3D UIAD
  • Datasets
  • Methods
• Multimodal UIAD
  • Datasets
  • Methods

Overview

Roadmap

Methods

RGB UIAD

Datasets

Dataset	Resource	Year	Type	Train	Test (good)	Test (anomaly)	Val	Total	Class	Anomaly Type	Modal Type
MVTec AD	Data	2019	Real	3629	467	1258	-	5354	15	73	RGB
BTAD	Data	2021	Real	1799	451	290	-	2540	3	-	RGB
MPDD	Data	2021	Real	888	176	282	-	1346	6	-	RGB
MVTec LOCO-AD	Data	2022	Real	1772	575	993	304	3644	5	89	RGB
VisA	Data	2022	Real	9621	0	1200	-	10821	12	-	RGB
GoodsAD	Data	2023	Real	3136	1328	1660	-	6124	6	-	RGB
MSC-AD	-	2023	Real	6480	2160	1080	-	9720	12	5	RGB
CID	Data	2024	Real	3900	33	360	-	4293	1	6	RGB
Real-IAD	Data	2024	Real	72840	0	78210	-	151050	30	8	RGB
RAD	Data	2024	Real	213	73	1224	-	1510	4	-	RGB
MIAD	Data	2023	Synthetic	70000	17500	17500	-	105000	7	13	RGB
MAD-Sim	Data	2023	Synthetic	4200	638	4951	-	9789	20	3	RGB
DTD-Synthetic	Data	2024	Synthetic	1200	357	947	-	2504	12	-	RGB

Methods

Name	Title	Publication	Year	Code	Paradigm
US	Uninformed Students: Student-Teacher Anomaly Detection With Discriminative Latent Embeddings	CVPR	2020	Code	Teacher-student architecture
MKD	Multiresolution knowledge distillation for anomaly detection	CVPR	2021	Code	Teacher-student architecture
GP	Glancing at the patch: Anomaly localization with global and local feature comparison	CVPR	2021	-	Teacher-student architecture
RD4AD	Anomaly Detection via Reverse Distillation From One-Class Embedding	CVPR	2022	Code	Teacher-student architecture
PFM	Unsupervised Image Anomaly Detection and Segmentation Based on Pretrained Feature Mapping	TII	2023	Code	Teacher-student architecture
MemKD	Remembering Normality: Memory-guided Knowledge Distillation for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection	ICCV	2023	Code	Teacher-student architecture
DeSTSeg	DeSTSeg: Segmentation Guided Denoising Student-Teacher for Anomaly Detection	CVPR	2023	Code	Teacher-student architecture
EfficientAD	EfficientAD: Accurate Visual Anomaly Detection at Millisecond-Level Latencies	WACV	2024	Unofficial Code	Teacher-student architecture
EMMFRKD	Enhanced multi-scale features mutual mapping fusion based on reverse knowledge distillation for industrial anomaly detection and localization	TBD	2024	-	Teacher-student architecture
AEKD	AEKD: Unsupervised auto-encoder knowledge distillation for industrial anomaly detection	JMS	2024	-	Teacher-student architecture
FCACDL	Feature-Constrained and Attention-Conditioned Distillation Learning for Visual Anomaly Detection	ICASSP	2024	-	Teacher-student architecture
DMDD	Dual-Modeling Decouple Distillation for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection	ACM MM	2024	-	Teacher-student architecture
CutPaste	CutPaste: Self-Supervised Learning for Anomaly Detection and Localization	CVPR	2021	Unofficial Code	One-class classification
SimpleNet	SimpleNet: A Simple Network for Image Anomaly Detection and Localization	CVPR	2023	Code	One-class classification
ADShift	Anomaly Detection Under Distribution Shift	ICCV	2023	Code	One-class classification
DS2	Learning Transferable Representations for Image Anomaly Localization Using Dense Pretraining	WACV	2024	-	One-class classification
GeneralAD	GeneralAD: Anomaly Detection Across Domains by Attending to Distorted Features	ECCV	2024	Code	One-class classification
GLASS	A Unified Anomaly Synthesis Strategy with Gradient Ascent for Industrial Anomaly Detection and Localization	ECCV	2024	Code	One-class classification
FastFlow	FastFlow: Unsupervised Anomaly Detection and Localization via 2D Normalizing Flows	-	2021	Unofficial Code	Distribution map
DifferNet	Same Same but DifferNet: Semi-Supervised Defect Detection With Normalizing Flows	WACV	2021	Code	Distribution map
CFLOW-AD	CFLOW-AD: Real-Time Unsupervised Anomaly Detection With Localization via Conditional Normalizing Flows	WACV	2022	Code	Distribution map
CS-Flow	Fully Convolutional Cross-Scale-Flows for Image-Based Defect Detection	WACV	2022	Code	Distribution map
CDO	Collaborative Discrepancy Optimization for Reliable Image Anomaly Localization	TII	2023	Code	Distribution map
PyramidFlow	PyramidFlow: High-Resolution Defect Contrastive Localization Using Pyramid Normalizing Flow	CVPR	2023	Code	Distribution map
SLAD	Fascinating Supervisory Signals and Where to Find Them: Deep Anomaly Detection with Scale Learning	ICML	2023	Code	Distribution map
MSFlow	MSFlow: Multiscale Flow-Based Framework for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection	TNNLS	2024	Code	Distribution map
AttentDifferNet	Attention Modules Improve Image-Level Anomaly Detection for Industrial Inspection: A DifferNet Case Study	WACV	2024	Code	Distribution map
PaDiM	PaDiM: A Patch Distribution Modeling Framework for Anomaly Detection and Localization	ICPR	2021	Unofficial Code	Memory bank
PatchCore	Towards Total Recall in Industrial Anomaly Detection	CVPR	2022	Code	Memory bank
CFA	CFA: Coupled-Hypersphere-Based Feature Adaptation for Target-Oriented Anomaly Localization	IEEE Access	2022	Code	Memory bank
DMAD	Diversity-Measurable Anomaly Detection	CVPR	2023	Code	Memory bank
PNI	PNI : Industrial Anomaly Detection using Position and Neighborhood Information	ICCV	2023	Code	Memory bank
GraphCore	Pushing the Limits of Fewshot Anomaly Detection in Industry Vision: Graphcore	ICLR	2023	-	Memory bank
InReaCh	Inter-Realization Channels: Unsupervised Anomaly Detection Beyond One-Class Classification	ICCV	2023	Code	Memory bank
ReconFA	A Reconstruction-Based Feature Adaptation for Anomaly Detection with Self-Supervised Multi-Scale Aggregation	ICASSP	2024	-	Memory bank
ReConPatch	ReConPatch: Contrastive Patch Representation Learning for Industrial Anomaly Detection	WACV	2024	Unofficial Code	Memory bank
AE-SSIM	Improving Unsupervised Defect Segmentation by Applying Structural Similarity to Autoencoders	-	2018	Unofficial Code	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
DFR	Unsupervised anomaly segmentation via deep feature reconstruction	Neurocomputing	2020	Code	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
DAAD	Divide-and-Assemble: Learning Block-Wise Memory for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection	ICCV	2021	-	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
RIAD	Reconstruction by inpainting for visual anomaly detection	PR	2021	Unofficial Code	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
DRÆM	DRAEM - A Discriminatively Trained Reconstruction Embedding for Surface Anomaly Detection	ICCV	2021	Code	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
DSR	DSR – A Dual Subspace Re-Projection Network for Surface Anomaly Detection	ECCV	2022	Code	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
NSA	Natural Synthetic Anomalies for Self-Supervised Anomaly Detection and Localization	ECCV	2022	Code	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
SSPCAB	Self-Supervised Predictive Convolutional Attentive Block for Anomaly Detection	CVPR	2022	Code	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
SSMCTB	Self-Supervised Masked Convolutional Transformer Block for Anomaly Detection	TPAMI	2024	Code	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
THFR	Template-guided Hierarchical Feature Restoration for Anomaly Detection	ICCV	2023	-	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
FastRecon	FastRecon: Few-shot Industrial Anomaly Detection via Fast Feature Reconstruction	ICCV	2023	Code	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
RealNet	RealNet: A Feature Selection Network with Realistic Synthetic Anomaly for Anomaly Detection	CVPR	2024	Code	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
IFgNet	Implicit Foreground-Guided Network for Anomaly Detection and Localization	ICASSP	2024	Code	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
LAMP	Neural Network Training Strategy To Enhance Anomaly Detection Performance: A Perspective On Reconstruction Loss Amplification	ICASSP	2024	-	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
PatchAnomaly	Patch-Wise Augmentation for Anomaly Detection and Localization	ICASSP	2024	-	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
MAAE	Mixed-Attention Auto Encoder for Multi-Class Industrial Anomaly Detection	ICASSP	2024	-	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
DC-AE	Dual-Constraint Autoencoder and Adaptive Weighted Similarity Spatial Attention for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection	TII	2024	-	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
EAR	Visual defect obfuscation based self-supervised anomaly detection	Scientific Reports	2024	-	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
FADeR	Feature Attenuation of Defective Representation Can Resolve Incomplete Masking on Anomaly Detection	CVPR 2025 workshop	2025	-	Autoencoder-based Reconstruction
SCADN	Learning Semantic Context from Normal Samples for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection	AAAI	2021	Code	GAN-based Reconstruction
OCR-GAN	Omni-Frequency Channel-Selection Representations for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection	TIP	2023	Code	GAN-based Reconstruction
MeTAL	Masked Transformer for Image Anomaly Localization	IJNS	2022	-	Transformer-based Reconstruction
FOD	Focus the Discrepancy: Intra- and Inter-Correlation Learning for Image Anomaly Detection	ICCV	2023	Code	Transformer-based Reconstruction
AMI-Net	AMI-Net: Adaptive Mask Inpainting Network for Industrial Anomaly Detection and Localization	TASE	2024	Code	Transformer-based Reconstruction
PNPT	Prior Normality Prompt Transformer for Multiclass Industrial Image Anomaly Detection	TII	2024	-	Transformer-based Reconstruction
DDAD	Anomaly Detection with Conditioned Denoising Diffusion Models	-	2023	Code	Diffusion-based Reconstruction
DiffAD	Unsupervised Surface Anomaly Detection with Diffusion Probabilistic Model	ICCV	2023	-	Diffusion-based Reconstruction
RAN	Removing Anomalies as Noises for Industrial Defect Localization	ICCV	2023	-	Diffusion-based Reconstruction
TransFusion	TransFusion – A Transparency-Based Diffusion Model for Anomaly Detection	ECCV	2024	Code	Diffusion-based Reconstruction
DiAD	A Diffusion-Based Framework for Multi-Class Anomaly Detection	AAAI	2024	Code	Diffusion-based Reconstruction
GLAD	GLAD: Towards Better Reconstruction with Global and Local Adaptive Diffusion Models for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection	ECCV	2024	Code	Diffusion-based Reconstruction
AnomalySD	AnomalySD: Few-Shot Multi-Class Anomaly Detection with Stable Diffusion Model	-	2024	-	Diffusion-based Reconstruction

3D UIAD

Datasets

Dataset	Resource	Year	Type	Train	Test (good)	Test (anomaly)	Val	Total	Class	Anomaly Type	Modal Type
Real3D-AD	data	2023	Real	48	604	602	-	1254	12	3	Point cloud
Anomaly-ShapeNet	data	2023	Synthetic	208	780	943	-	1931	50	7	Point cloud

Methods

Name	Title	Publication	Year	Code	Paradigm
3D-ST	Anomaly Detection in 3D Point Clouds Using Deep Geometric Descriptors	WACV	2023	-	Teacher-student architecture
Reg3D-AD	Real3D-AD: A Dataset of Point Cloud Anomaly Detection	NeurIPS	2024	Code	Memory bank
Group3AD	Towards High-resolution 3D Anomaly Detection via Group-Level Feature Contrastive Learning	ACM MM	2024	Code	Memory bank
PointCore	PointCore: Efficient Unsupervised Point Cloud Anomaly Detector Using Local-Global Features	-	2024	-	Memory bank
R3D-AD	R3D-AD: Reconstruction via Diffusion for 3D Anomaly Detection	ECCV	2024	-	Reconstruction

Multimodal UIAD

Datasets

Dataset	Resource	Year	Type	Train	Test (good)	Test (anomaly)	Val	Total	Class	Anomaly Type	Modal Type
MVTec 3D-AD	data	2021	Real	2656	294	948	294	4147	10	41	RGB & Point cloud
PD-REAL	data	2023	Real	2399	300	530	300	3529	15	6	RGB & Point cloud
MulSen-AD	data	2024	Real	1391	150	494	-	2035	15	14	RGB & Infrared & Point cloud
Eyecandies	data	2022	Synthetic	10000	2250	2250	1000	15500	10	-	RGB & Depth

Methods

Name	Title	Publication	Year	Code	Paradigm
BTF	Back to the Feature: Classical 3D Features Are (Almost) All You Need for 3D Anomaly Detection	CVPR	2023	Code	-
AST	Asymmetric Student-Teacher Networks for Industrial Anomaly Detection	WACV	2023	Code	Teacher-student architecture
MMRD	Rethinking Reverse Distillation for Multi-Modal Anomaly Detection	AAAI	2024	-	Teacher-student architecture
M3DM	Multimodal Industrial Anomaly Detection via Hybrid Fusion	CVPR	2023	Code	Memory bank
Shape-Guided	Shape-Guided Dual-Memory Learning for 3D Anomaly Detection	ICML	2023	Code	Memory bank
CPMF	Complementary Pseudo Multimodal Feature for Point Cloud Anomaly Detection	Pattern Recognition	2024	Code	Memory bank
LSFA	Self-supervised Feature Adaptation for 3D Industrial Anomaly Detection	ECCV	2024	Code	Memory bank
ITNM	Incremental Template Neighborhood Matching for 3D anomaly detection	Neurocomputing	2024	-	Memory bank
CMDIAD	Incomplete Multimodal Industrial Anomaly Detection via Cross-Modal Distillation	-	2024	Code	Memory bank
M3DM-NR	M3DM-NR: RGB-3D Noisy-Resistant Industrial Anomaly Detection via Multimodal Denoising	-	2024	-	Memory bank
EasyNet	EasyNet: An Easy Network for 3D Industrial Anomaly Detection	ACM MM	2023	Code	Reconstruction
DBRN	Dual-Branch Reconstruction Network for Industrial Anomaly Detection with RGB-D Data	ISPP	2024	-	Reconstruction
3DSR	Cheating Depth: Enhancing 3D Surface Anomaly Detection via Depth Simulation	WACV	2024	Code	Reconstruction
CFM	Multimodal Industrial Anomaly Detection by Crossmodal Feature Mapping	CVPR	2024	Code	Reconstruction
3DRÆM	Keep DRÆMing: Discriminative 3D anomaly detection through anomaly simulation	PRL	2024	-	Reconstruction

Stargazers over time

BibTex Citation

If you find this paper and repository useful, please cite our paper:

@article{lin2025survey,
  title={A survey on RGB, 3D, and multimodal approaches for unsupervised industrial image anomaly detection},
  author={Lin, Yuxuan and Chang, Yang and Tong, Xuan and Yu, Jiawen and Liotta, Antonio and Huang, Guofan and Song, Wei and Zeng, Deyu and Wu, Zongze and Wang, Yan and others},
  journal={Information Fusion},
  pages={103139},
  year={2025},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}