🚀 RadioMamba: Radio Map Prediction using Mamba Architecture

December 10, 2025 · View on GitHub

License: MIT Contributions welcome

🛰️ RadioMamba is a deep learning framework for radio map prediction, combining the power of Mamba state space models with U-Net for efficient and accurate radio propagation modeling.

✨ Features

  • 🧬 Hybrid Architecture: Combines Mamba state space models with convolutional layers for global and local feature extraction
  • 🚗 Multi-scenario Support: Supports both scenarios with and without vehicle obstacles
  • ⚙️ Flexible Configuration: YAML-based configuration system for easy experimentation
  • 📊 Comprehensive Evaluation: Built-in metrics including MSE, PSNR, SSIM, and NMSE
  • ⚡ Lightning Integration: Built on PyTorch Lightning for scalable training
  • 🎯 Interactive Visualization: Web-based interactive tool for real-time path loss prediction with click-to-place TX functionality

🏗️ Architecture

RadioMamba implements a hybrid U-Net architecture featuring:

  • MambaConvBlock: Core building block combining SS2D Mamba for global context and ResidualConvBlock for local features
  • Multi-scale Processing: Encoder-decoder structure with skip connections
  • Efficient Training: Supports mixed precision and distributed training

Installation

Requirements

Install the exact versions used in development:

pip install -r requirements.txt

Or install individual packages:

pip install torch torchvision pytorch-lightning
pip install mamba-ssm
pip install torchmetrics
pip install pillow numpy matplotlib tqdm pyyaml
pip install gradio  # Required for interactive visualization

Note: If you encounter issues installing mamba-ssm, refer to https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/27156724975

Verify your installation:

python scripts/verify_requirements.py

Clone Repository

git clone https://github.com/your-username/RadioMamba.git
cd RadioMamba

Usage

Training

Train the model with cars scenario:

cd src
python train.py --config ../configs/config_withcars.yaml

Train the model without cars:

cd src
python train.py --config ../configs/config_nocars.yaml

Testing

Generate predictions:

cd src
python test.py --config ../configs/config_withcars.yaml

Evaluation

Evaluate model performance:

cd evaluation
python evaluate_withcars.py  # For scenarios with cars
python evaluate_nocars.py    # For scenarios without cars

Interactive Visualization

Launch the interactive web-based visualization tool for real-time path loss prediction:

cd src
python interactive_visualizer.py

Features:

  • 🖱️ Click-to-place TX: Click anywhere on the building map to place a transmitter
  • ⚡ Real-time Prediction: Instant path loss prediction visualization
  • 📍 Multiple Map Loading: Select from predefined maps or manually input map number (0-700)
  • 📊 Performance Stats: Display inference time and coordinate information

Usage:

  1. The tool will start a Gradio web interface (default: http://0.0.0.0:7860)
  2. Select a building map from the dropdown or enter a map number manually
  3. Click on the building map to place the TX antenna
  4. View the predicted path loss distribution on the right panel

Note: Make sure to update the CHECKPOINT_PATH and BUILDINGS_DIR in interactive_visualizer.py according to your environment.

Demo Video:

Watch the interactive visualization tool in action:

Watch Demo

📹 The demo video showcases the interactive visualization tool where you can click on building maps to place TX antennas and get real-time path loss predictions.

Configuration

The project uses YAML configuration files located in the configs/ directory:

  • config_nocars.yaml: Configuration for scenarios without vehicles
  • config_withcars.yaml: Configuration for scenarios with vehicles

Key configuration sections:

  • Model: Architecture parameters (dimensions, depths, Mamba settings)
  • Training: Learning rate, loss weights, optimization settings
  • Data: Dataset paths, batch size, data loading parameters
  • Logging: TensorBoard and validation image logging settings

Project Structure

RadioMamba/
├── src/                     # Source code
│   ├── model.py            # RadioMamba model definition
│   ├── dataset.py          # Data loading utilities
│   ├── train.py            # Training script
│   ├── test.py             # Testing script
│   └── interactive_visualizer.py  # Interactive web-based visualization tool
├── configs/                # Configuration files
│   ├── config_nocars.yaml  # No cars scenario config
│   └── config_withcars.yaml # With cars scenario config
├── evaluation/             # Evaluation scripts
│   ├── evaluate_nocars.py  # Evaluation for no cars
│   └── evaluate_withcars.py # Evaluation with cars
├── logs/                   # Training logs and validation images
│   ├── validation_images_nocars/
│   ├── validation_images_withcars/
│   └── tensorboard/
├── scripts/                # Utility scripts
│   ├── setup.py           # Environment setup
│   └── quick_start.sh     # Quick start script
├── docs/                   # Documentation
└── README.md

Model Architecture Details

RadioMambaNet

  • Input Channels: 3 (buildings, transmitters, cars/buildings)
  • Output Channels: 1 (path loss prediction)
  • Encoder: 4 stages with increasing dimensions [48, 96, 192, 384]
  • Decoder: Progressive upsampling with skip connections
  • Loss Function: Combined loss (L1 + MSE + SSIM + Gradient)

MambaConvBlock

Each block contains:

  • SS2D Mamba Branch: For global spatial dependencies
  • Residual Conv Branch: For local feature extraction
  • Feature Fusion: Element-wise addition of both branches

Training Details

  • Optimizer: AdamW with learning rate scheduling
  • Batch Size: 25 per GPU (50 total on 2 GPUs)
  • Precision: Mixed precision (16-bit)
  • Early Stopping: Based on validation loss with patience
  • Checkpointing: Best and latest model saving

Evaluation Metrics

  • MSE: Mean Squared Error
  • RMSE: Root Mean Squared Error
  • NMSE: Normalized Mean Squared Error
  • PSNR: Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio
  • SSIM: Structural Similarity Index

Dataset

The model expects RadioMapSeer dataset format:

  • Building maps (grayscale images)
  • Transmitter location maps
  • Optional: Vehicle/car distribution maps
  • Ground truth: DPM path loss maps

Citation

If you use RadioMamba in your research, please cite:

@ARTICLE{11190042,
  author={Jia, Honggang and Cheng, Nan and Wang, Xiucheng and Zhou, Conghao and Sun, Ruijin and Shen, Xuemin},
  journal={IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering}, 
  title={RadioMamba: Breaking the Accuracy-Efficiency Trade-Off in Radio Map Construction Via a Hybrid Mamba-UNet}, 
  year={2025},
  volume={},
  number={},
  pages={1-14},
  keywords={Computational modeling;Accuracy;Real-time systems;Computer architecture;6G mobile communication;Context modeling;Feature extraction;Complexity theory;Wireless networks;Transformers;6 G wireless networks;radio map;Mamba;lightweight model;real-time optimization},
  doi={10.1109/TNSE.2025.3617102}}

License

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see the LICENSE file for details.

Contributing

Contributions are welcome! Please feel free to submit a Pull Request.

Contact

For questions and support, please contact [jiahg@stu.xidian.edu.cn]