Integer Utilities

Note: This module is only present on main, and has not yet been stabilized and released in a tag.

Utilities defined for BinaryInteger

The following API are defined for all integer types:

• The gcd(_:_:) free function implements the Greatest Common Divisor operation.

• The shifted(rightBy:rounding:) method implements bitwise shift with rounding.

• The divided(by:rounding:) method implements division with specified rounding. (See also SignedInteger.divided(by:rounding:), remainder(dividingBy:rounding:), and euclideanDivision(_:_:) below).

Utilities defined for SignedInteger

The following API are defined for signed integer types:

• The divided(by:rounding:) method implementing division with specified rounding, returning both quotient and remainder. This requires a signed type because the remainder is not generally representable for unsigned types. This is a disfavored overload; by default, you will get only the quotient as the result:

  let p = 5.divided(by: 3, rounding: .up)      // p = 2
  let (q, r) = 5.divided(by: 3, rounding: .up) // q = 2, r = -1
  

• The remainder(dividingBy:rounding:) method implementing the remainder operation; the rounding argument describes how to round the quotient, which is not returned. (The remainder is always exact, and hence is not rounded).

• The euclideanDivision(_:_:) free function implements Euclidean division. In this operation, the remainder is chosen to always be non-negative. This does not correspond to any rounding rule on the quotient, which is why it uses a distinct API.

Utilities defined for FixedWidthInteger

• The rotated(right:) and rotated(left:) methods implement bitwise rotation for signed and unsigned integer types. The count parameter may be any BinaryInteger type.

Saturating Arithmetic

The following saturating operations are defined as methods on FixedWidthInteger:

• addingWithSaturation(_:)
• subtractingWithSaturation(_:)
• negatedWithSaturation(_:)
• multipliedWithSaturation(by:)
• shiftedWithSaturation(leftBy:rounding:)

These implement saturating arithmetic. They are an alternative to the usual +, -, and * operators, which trap if the result cannot be represented in the argument type, and &+, &-, &*, and <<, which wrap out-of-range results modulo 2ⁿ for some n. Instead these methods clamp the result to the representable range of the type:

let x: Int8 = 84
let y: Int8 = 100
let a = x + y                     // traps due to overflow
let b = x &+ y                    // wraps to -72
let c = x.addingWithSaturation(y) // saturates to 127

If you are using saturating arithmetic, you may also want to perform saturating conversions between integer types; this functionality is provided by the standard library via the init(clamping:) API.

Types

The RoundingRule enum is used with shift, division, and round operations to specify how to round their results to a representable value.