Python SDK API Reference

Complete API reference for the BoxLite Python SDK.

Python: 3.10+ Platforms: macOS (Apple Silicon), Linux (x86_64, ARM64)

Table of Contents

• Runtime Management
• Box Handle
• Command Execution
• Box Types
• Sync API
• Error Types
• Metrics
• Constants

---

Runtime Management

boxlite.Boxlite

The main runtime for creating and managing boxes.

from boxlite import Boxlite, Options, BoxOptions, ImageRegistry

Class Methods

Method	Signature	Description
default()	() -> Boxlite	Create runtime with default settings (~/.boxlite)
__init__()	(options: Options) -> Boxlite	Create runtime with custom options

Instance Methods

Method	Signature	Description
create()	(options: BoxOptions, name: str = None) -> Box	Create a new box (async)
get()	(box_id: str) -> Box	Reattach to an existing box by ID (async)
list()	() -> List[BoxInfo]	List all boxes (async)
metrics()	() -> RuntimeMetrics	Get runtime-wide metrics (async)

Example

# Default runtime
runtime = Boxlite.default()

# Custom runtime
runtime = Boxlite(Options(home_dir="/custom/path"))

# Registry host config with auth
runtime = Boxlite(Options(
    image_registries=[
        ImageRegistry(
            host="registry.example.com",
            username="user",
            password="password",
        )
    ]
))

# Create a box
box = await runtime.create(BoxOptions(image="alpine:latest"))

# List all boxes
for info in await runtime.list():
    print(f"{info.id}: {info.status}")

---

boxlite.Options

Runtime configuration options.

Field	Type	Default	Description
home_dir	str	~/.boxlite	Base directory for runtime data
image_registries	List[ImageRegistry]	[]	Registry transport, TLS, search, and auth configuration

boxlite.ImageRegistry

ImageRegistry(
    host="registry.local:5000",
    transport="http",
    search=True,
)

ImageRegistry(
    host="registry.example.com",
    skip_verify=True,
    username="user",
    password="password",
)

ImageRegistry(
    host="ghcr.io",
    bearer_token="token",
)

Field	Type	Default	Description
host	str	Required	Registry host, optionally with port. Do not include http:// or https://
transport	str	"https"	"https" or "http"
skip_verify	bool	False	Disable TLS certificate and hostname verification for HTTPS registries
search	bool	False	Include this host when resolving unqualified image references
username / password	str | None	None	Basic auth credentials. Provide both together
bearer_token	str | None	None	Bearer token auth

---

boxlite.BoxOptions

Configuration options for creating a box.

Field	Type	Default	Description
image	str	Required	OCI image URI (e.g., "python:slim", "alpine:latest")
cpus	int	1	Number of CPU cores (1 to host CPU count)
memory_mib	int	512	Memory limit in MiB (128-65536)
disk_size_gb	int | None	None	Persistent disk size in GB (None = ephemeral)
working_dir	str	"/root"	Working directory inside container
env	List[Tuple[str, str]]	[]	Environment variables as (key, value) pairs
volumes	List[Tuple[str, str, str]]	[]	Volume mounts as (host_path, guest_path, mode)
network	NetworkSpec | None	None	Structured network configuration. Omit for default enabled networking.
ports	List[Tuple[int, int, str]]	[]	Port forwarding as (host_port, guest_port, protocol)
secrets	List[Secret]	[]	Outbound HTTP(S) secret substitution rules
auto_remove	bool	True	Auto cleanup when stopped
detach	bool	False	Survive parent process exit

NetworkSpec

from boxlite import NetworkSpec

network = NetworkSpec(
    mode="enabled",
    allow_net=["api.openai.com"],
)

Field	Type	Default	Description
mode	str	Required	"enabled" or "disabled"
allow_net	List[str]	[]	Outbound allowlist used only when mode="enabled"

mode="disabled" removes the guest network interface entirely.

Volume Mount Format

volumes=[
    ("/host/config", "/etc/app/config", "ro"),  # Read-only
    ("/host/data", "/mnt/data", "rw"),          # Read-write
]

Port Forwarding Format

ports=[
    (8080, 80, "tcp"),    # HTTP
    (5432, 5432, "tcp"),  # PostgreSQL
    (53, 53, "udp"),      # DNS
]

Secret Format

from boxlite import Secret

secrets=[
    Secret(
        name="openai",
        value="sk-...",
        hosts=["api.openai.com"],
        # placeholder defaults to "<BOXLITE_SECRET:openai>"
    )
]

---

Box Handle

boxlite.Box

Handle to a running or stopped box.

Properties

Property	Type	Description
id	str	Unique box identifier (ULID format)

Methods

Method	Signature	Description
exec()	(cmd, args, env, tty) -> Execution	Execute command (async)
stop()	() -> None	Stop the box gracefully (async)
remove()	() -> None	Delete box and its data (async)
info()	() -> BoxInfo	Get box metadata (async)
metrics()	() -> BoxMetrics	Get resource usage metrics (async)

---

boxlite.BoxInfo

Metadata about a box.

Field	Type	Description
id	str	Unique box identifier (ULID)
name	str | None	Optional user-assigned name
status	str	Current status: "running", "stopped", "created"
created_at	datetime	Creation timestamp
pid	int | None	Process ID (if running)
image	str	OCI image used
cpus	int	Allocated CPU cores
memory_mib	int	Allocated memory in MiB

---

boxlite.BoxStateInfo

Detailed state information for a box.

Value	Description
Created	Box created but not yet started
Starting	Box is initializing
Running	Box is running and ready
Stopping	Box is shutting down
Stopped	Box is stopped
Failed	Box encountered an error

---

Command Execution

boxlite.Execution

Represents a running command execution.

Methods

Method	Signature	Description
stdout()	() -> ExecStdout	Get stdout stream (async iterator)
stderr()	() -> ExecStderr	Get stderr stream (async iterator)
stdin()	() -> ExecStdin	Get stdin writer
wait()	() -> ExecResult	Wait for completion (async)
kill()	(signal: int = 9) -> None	Send signal to process (async)
resize_tty()	(rows: int, cols: int) -> None	Resize PTY terminal for executions started with tty=True (async)

Example

# Execute with streaming output
execution = await box.exec("python", ["-c", "for i in range(5): print(i)"])

# Stream stdout
async for line in execution.stdout():
    print(f"Output: {line}")

# Wait for completion
result = await execution.wait()
print(f"Exit code: {result.exit_code}")

---

boxlite.ExecStdout / boxlite.ExecStderr

Async iterators for streaming output.

# Stream stdout line by line
stdout = execution.stdout()
async for line in stdout:
    print(line)

# Stream stderr
stderr = execution.stderr()
async for line in stderr:
    print(f"Error: {line}", file=sys.stderr)

Note: Each stream can only be iterated once. After iteration, the stream is consumed.

---

boxlite.ExecStdin

Writer for sending input to a running process.

Methods

Method	Signature	Description
send_input()	(data: bytes) -> None	Write bytes to stdin (async)

Example

# Interactive input
execution = await box.exec("cat")
stdin = execution.stdin()

# Send data
await stdin.send_input(b"Hello\n")
await stdin.send_input(b"World\n")

# Wait for completion
result = await execution.wait()

---

boxlite.ExecResult

Result of a completed execution.

Field	Type	Description
exit_code	int	Process exit code (0 = success)

Note: For higher-level APIs (SimpleBox.exec()), the result also includes stdout and stderr strings.

---

Box Types

boxlite.SimpleBox

Context manager for basic command execution with automatic cleanup.

from boxlite import SimpleBox

Constructor

SimpleBox(
    image: str,
    memory_mib: int = None,
    cpus: int = None,
    runtime: Boxlite = None,
    name: str = None,
    auto_remove: bool = True,
    **kwargs
)

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
image	str	Required	Container image to use
memory_mib	int	System default	Memory limit in MiB
cpus	int	System default	Number of CPU cores
runtime	Boxlite	Global default	Runtime instance
name	str	None	Optional unique name
auto_remove	bool	True	Remove box when stopped
**kwargs			Additional options: env, volumes, ports, working_dir, network, secrets

Properties

Property	Type	Description
id	str	Box ID (raises if not started)

Methods

Method	Signature	Description
start()	() -> Self	Explicitly start the box (async)
exec()	(cmd, *args, env=None, user=None, timeout=None, cwd=None) -> ExecResult	Execute command and wait (async)
info()	() -> BoxInfo	Get box metadata
shutdown()	() -> None	Shutdown and release resources

Example

async with SimpleBox(image="python:slim") as box:
    result = await box.exec("python", "-c", "print('Hello!')")
    print(result.stdout)   # "Hello!\n"
    print(result.exit_code)  # 0

    # Per-command options
    result = await box.exec("pwd", cwd="/tmp")         # working directory
    result = await box.exec("whoami", user="nobody")    # run as user
    result = await box.exec("sleep", "60", timeout=5)   # timeout in seconds

---

boxlite.CodeBox

Specialized box for Python code execution with package management.

from boxlite import CodeBox

Constructor

CodeBox(
    image: str = "python:slim",
    memory_mib: int = None,
    cpus: int = None,
    runtime: Boxlite = None,
    **kwargs
)

Methods

Method	Signature	Description
run()	(code: str, timeout: int = None) -> str	Execute Python code (async)
run_script()	(script_path: str) -> str	Execute Python script file (async)
install_package()	(package: str) -> str	Install package with pip (async)
install_packages()	(*packages: str) -> str	Install multiple packages (async)

Example

async with CodeBox() as cb:
    # Install packages
    await cb.install_package("requests")

    # Run code
    result = await cb.run("""
import requests
print(requests.get('https://api.github.com/zen').text)
""")
    print(result)

---

boxlite.BrowserBox

Box configured for browser automation with Chrome DevTools Protocol.

from boxlite import BrowserBox, BrowserBoxOptions

BrowserBoxOptions

Field	Type	Default	Description
browser	str	"chromium"	Browser type: "chromium", "firefox", "webkit"
memory	int	2048	Memory in MiB
cpu	int	2	Number of CPU cores

Browser CDP Ports

Browser	Port
chromium	9222
firefox	9223
webkit	9224

Methods

Method	Signature	Description
endpoint()	() -> str	Get CDP endpoint URL

Example

from boxlite import BrowserBox, BrowserBoxOptions

opts = BrowserBoxOptions(browser="chromium", memory=4096)
async with BrowserBox(opts) as browser:
    endpoint = browser.endpoint()  # "http://localhost:9222"

    # Connect with Puppeteer or Playwright
    # puppeteer.connect({ browserURL: endpoint })

---

boxlite.ComputerBox

Box with full desktop environment and GUI automation capabilities.

from boxlite import ComputerBox

Constructor

ComputerBox(
    cpu: int = 2,
    memory: int = 2048,
    gui_http_port: int = 3000,
    gui_https_port: int = 3001,
    runtime: Boxlite = None,
    **kwargs
)

Mouse Methods

Method	Signature	Description
mouse_move()	(x: int, y: int) -> None	Move cursor to coordinates (async)
left_click()	() -> None	Left click at current position (async)
right_click()	() -> None	Right click at current position (async)
middle_click()	() -> None	Middle click at current position (async)
double_click()	() -> None	Double left click (async)
triple_click()	() -> None	Triple left click (async)
left_click_drag()	(start_x, start_y, end_x, end_y) -> None	Drag from start to end (async)
cursor_position()	() -> Tuple[int, int]	Get current cursor (x, y) (async)

Keyboard Methods

Method	Signature	Description
type()	(text: str) -> None	Type text characters (async)
key()	(text: str) -> None	Press key or key combination (async)

Key Syntax Reference

The key() method uses xdotool key syntax:

Key	Syntax
Enter	Return
Tab	Tab
Escape	Escape
Backspace	BackSpace
Delete	Delete
Arrow keys	Up, Down, Left, Right
Function keys	F1, F2, ... F12
Modifiers	ctrl, alt, shift, super
Combinations	ctrl+c, ctrl+shift+s, alt+Tab

Examples:

await computer.key("Return")        # Press Enter
await computer.key("ctrl+c")        # Copy
await computer.key("ctrl+shift+s")  # Save As
await computer.key("alt+Tab")       # Switch window
await computer.key("ctrl+a Delete") # Select all and delete

Display Methods

Method	Signature	Description
wait_until_ready()	(timeout: int = 60) -> None	Wait for desktop ready (async)
screenshot()	() -> dict	Capture screen (async)
scroll()	(x, y, direction, amount=3) -> None	Scroll at position (async)
get_screen_size()	() -> Tuple[int, int]	Get screen dimensions (async)

Screenshot Return Format

{
    "data": str,    # Base64-encoded PNG
    "width": int,   # 1024 (default)
    "height": int,  # 768 (default)
    "format": str   # "png"
}

Scroll Directions

Direction	Description
"up"	Scroll up
"down"	Scroll down
"left"	Scroll left
"right"	Scroll right

Example

async with ComputerBox() as desktop:
    await desktop.wait_until_ready()

    # Take screenshot
    screenshot = await desktop.screenshot()

    # Mouse interaction
    await desktop.mouse_move(100, 200)
    await desktop.left_click()

    # Type text
    await desktop.type("Hello, World!")
    await desktop.key("Return")

    # Get screen size
    width, height = await desktop.get_screen_size()

---

boxlite.InteractiveBox

Box for interactive terminal sessions with PTY support.

from boxlite import InteractiveBox

Constructor

InteractiveBox(
    image: str,
    shell: str = "/bin/sh",
    tty: bool = None,
    memory_mib: int = None,
    cpus: int = None,
    runtime: Boxlite = None,
    name: str = None,
    auto_remove: bool = True,
    **kwargs
)

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
image	str	Required	Container image
shell	str	"/bin/sh"	Shell to run
tty	bool | None	None	TTY mode (see below)

TTY Mode

Value	Behavior
None	Auto-detect from sys.stdin.isatty()
True	Force TTY mode with I/O forwarding
False	No I/O forwarding (programmatic control)

Methods

Method	Signature	Description
wait()	() -> None	Wait for shell to exit (async)

Example

# Interactive shell session
async with InteractiveBox(image="alpine:latest") as box:
    # You're now in an interactive shell
    # Type commands, see output in real-time
    # Type "exit" to close
    await box.wait()

---

Sync API

Synchronous wrappers using greenlet fiber switching. Requires pip install boxlite[sync].

from boxlite import SyncBoxlite, SyncBox, SyncSimpleBox, SyncCodeBox

When to Use

Use Case	API
New async applications	Async API (default)
Existing sync codebase	Sync API
Jupyter notebooks	Sync API
REPL/interactive use	Sync API
Inside async functions	Async API only

Comparison Table

Async API	Sync API	Notes
Boxlite	SyncBoxlite
Box	SyncBox
Execution	SyncExecution
ExecStdout	SyncExecStdout	Regular iterator
ExecStderr	SyncExecStderr	Regular iterator
SimpleBox	SyncSimpleBox
CodeBox	SyncCodeBox

Classes

SyncBoxlite

from boxlite import SyncBoxlite, BoxOptions

with SyncBoxlite.default() as runtime:
    box = runtime.create(BoxOptions(image="alpine:latest"))
    execution = box.exec("echo", ["Hello"])
    for line in execution.stdout():
        print(line)
    box.stop()

SyncSimpleBox

from boxlite import SyncSimpleBox

with SyncSimpleBox(image="python:slim") as box:
    result = box.exec("python", "-c", "print('Hello!')")
    print(result.stdout)

SyncCodeBox

from boxlite import SyncCodeBox

with SyncCodeBox() as cb:
    result = cb.run("print('Hello, World!')")
    print(result)

Architecture

The sync API uses greenlet fiber switching:

1. A dispatcher fiber runs the asyncio event loop
2. User code runs in the main fiber
3. Sync methods switch to dispatcher, await async operations, then switch back

Limitation: Cannot be used inside an async context (when an event loop is already running).

---

Error Types

from boxlite import BoxliteError, ExecError, TimeoutError, ParseError

Exception Hierarchy

BoxliteError (base)
├── ExecError       # Command execution failed
├── TimeoutError    # Operation timed out
└── ParseError      # Output parsing failed

BoxliteError

Base exception for all BoxLite errors.

try:
    async with SimpleBox(image="invalid:image") as box:
        pass
except BoxliteError as e:
    print(f"BoxLite error: {e}")

ExecError

Raised when a command execution fails (non-zero exit code).

Attribute	Type	Description
command	str	The command that failed
exit_code	int	Non-zero exit code
stderr	str	Standard error output

try:
    result = await box.exec("false")  # Exit code 1
except ExecError as e:
    print(f"Command: {e.command}")
    print(f"Exit code: {e.exit_code}")
    print(f"Stderr: {e.stderr}")

TimeoutError

Raised when an operation times out.

try:
    await computer.wait_until_ready(timeout=5)
except TimeoutError:
    print("Desktop did not become ready in time")

ParseError

Raised when output parsing fails.

try:
    x, y = await computer.cursor_position()
except ParseError:
    print("Failed to parse cursor position")

---

Metrics

boxlite.RuntimeMetrics

Aggregate metrics across all boxes.

Field	Type	Description
boxes_created	int	Total boxes created
boxes_destroyed	int	Total boxes destroyed
total_exec_calls	int	Total command executions
active_boxes	int	Currently running boxes

runtime = Boxlite.default()
metrics = await runtime.metrics()

print(f"Boxes created: {metrics.boxes_created}")
print(f"Active boxes: {metrics.active_boxes}")

---

boxlite.BoxMetrics

Per-box resource usage metrics.

Field	Type	Description
cpu_time_ms	int	Total CPU time in milliseconds
memory_usage_bytes	int	Current memory usage in bytes
network_bytes_sent	int	Total bytes sent
network_bytes_received	int	Total bytes received

metrics = await box.metrics()

print(f"CPU time: {metrics.cpu_time_ms}ms")
print(f"Memory: {metrics.memory_usage_bytes / (1024**2):.2f} MB")

---

Constants

Default values used by BoxLite.

Constant	Value	Description
DEFAULT_CPUS	1	Default CPU cores
DEFAULT_MEMORY_MIB	2048	Default memory in MiB
COMPUTERBOX_CPUS	2	ComputerBox default CPUs
COMPUTERBOX_MEMORY_MIB	2048	ComputerBox default memory
COMPUTERBOX_DISPLAY_WIDTH	1024	Screen width in pixels
COMPUTERBOX_DISPLAY_HEIGHT	768	Screen height in pixels
COMPUTERBOX_GUI_HTTP_PORT	3000	HTTP GUI port
COMPUTERBOX_GUI_HTTPS_PORT	3001	HTTPS GUI port
DESKTOP_READY_TIMEOUT	60	Desktop ready timeout (seconds)

---

See Also

• Python SDK README - Quick start and examples
• Getting Started Guide - Installation
• Configuration Reference - BoxOptions details
• Error Codes - Error handling