Failure modes

August 19, 2026 · View on GitHub

What goes wrong when agents write a book, which rule prevents it, and how it is detected. Every row is a failure that produces a successful-looking result — a complete, fluent chapter that is wrong.

In the manuscript

FailureLooks likePrevented byCaught by
The same thing explained twiceTwo chapters both define a termContinuity ledger; requires/establisheslint cross-chapter repetition
Register driftChapter 12 does not sound like chapter 2Style guide with checkable rulesvoice-auditor
Structural echoEvery chapter opens identicallyWriters not reading each otherReading the assembled draft
Boundary overlapTwo chapters cover the same ground"Must not cover" in the briefcontinuity-auditor
Unpaid promise"We return to this in chapter 9"; chapter 9 does notPromises section of the ledgercontinuity-auditor
ContradictionChapter 8 contradicts chapter 3's positionClaims section of the ledgercontinuity-auditor
Fabricated factA confident, specific, invented number[VERIFY:] ruleNothing mechanical. A human reads it
Fabricated citation to a real sourceCorrect path, wrong claim about itSource registerNothing mechanical
Locally fluent, globally emptyParagraphs that read well and advance nothingArgument stated in the briefReading against the brief

The last three are the ones to take seriously, because they survive every automated gate in the system. lint verifies that a source is cited, never that it says what the chapter claims.

In the process

FailureWhy it happensRule
The outline ends up in the bookIt reads like a useful introductionThe outline never ships
Two documents describe the structureOne was written when the other was inconvenient to editOne owner per document; fold and delete
A writer reads three chapters "for context"It feels responsibleWriters read briefs, not drafts
Reviewer edits prose directlyIt is faster than writing a findingReviewers write findings only
Two agents draft chapters sharing a sourceBoth were dispatched in one batchSeparate sequential batches
Briefs written thin, "the writer will figure it out"Planning feels like overheadThe brief replaces the whole book
Status says drafted, file is a stubStatus was set optimisticallylint requires the file at each status

In production

FailureConsequenceRule
Cover built from an estimated page countSpine off-centre; discovered on the proofCover built last, from the measured interior
Trim changed after draftingCode listings wrap in printMeasure fixes the line cap; re-derive on change
Figure distinguished by colour, printed greyscaleThe distinction disappearsGraphics style guide constraint, set before drawing
Volatile facts printed undatedThe book is wrong within a yearsnapshot_date, and a scope decision about carrying them at all
Unresolved [VERIFY:] marker printedExactly what it looks likelint --strict before production

The meta-failure

A clean lint is not a good book.

Every mechanical gate in this system checks that a signal is present, not that the thing behind it is right. A chapter can pass every check while making a confident claim about a system that does not behave that way.

The gates exist to make the mechanical failures cheap to eliminate, so that attention is available for the failures only a reader can catch. They are not a substitute for reading the book, and a pipeline that produces a printed reference work nobody read end to end has skipped the only step that was never optional.