Typical weights

Use these only to fill weight_source: estimated entries. They are ranges, not figures, and the spread within a row is often wide enough to matter across a whole bag — which is why /travel-packing:weigh reconciles the itemised total against the actual scale reading rather than trusting a sum of estimates.

Weigh the heavy end. Mass in luggage is concentrated: shoes, outerwear, electronics, toiletries and books usually account for most of a bag. Ten minutes with a kitchen scale on those categories removes most of the error; estimating socks changes nothing.

All figures in grams, per item unless stated.

Clothing

Item	Range
T-shirt, cotton	130–200
Shirt, cotton	200–300
Jumper, wool	300–500
Fleece / hoodie	400–700
Jeans	500–800
Trousers, lightweight	300–450
Shorts	200–300
Dress, light	200–400
Underwear, pair	30–60
Socks, pair	40–80
Pyjamas, set	250–400
Swimwear	100–200
Belt	150–250
Light rain jacket	300–500
Winter coat	900–1800
Packable down jacket	300–600

Footwear

Item	Range (pair)
Trainers / running shoes	600–900
Leather shoes	800–1200
Boots	1200–2000
Sandals / flip-flops	200–500

Shoes are the highest-leverage category in most bags: heaviest pair worn, third pair dropped.

Toiletries

Item	Range
Shampoo, 400 ml full bottle	430–470
Shower gel, 500 ml	530–570
Toothpaste, full tube	100–200
Toothbrush	15–25
Deodorant, stick	60–90
Deodorant, aerosol	150–250
Sunscreen, 200 ml	220–250
Electric toothbrush with charger	200–350
Washbag, empty	150–350
Full-size toiletries set, typical	1500–2500

Liquids are dense, cheap and available everywhere — consistently the first thing worth leaving behind, and the first thing worth decanting.

Electronics

Item	Range
Laptop, 13–14" ultrabook	1100–1500
Laptop, 15–16"	1600–2200
Laptop charger	250–500
Tablet	450–700
Phone	170–240
Power bank, 10 000 mAh	200–250
Power bank, 20 000 mAh	350–450
Camera, mirrorless with lens	600–1000
Over-ear headphones with case	350–500
Earbuds with case	50–80
USB cable	30–60
Multi-port charger	100–250
Travel adapter	80–150
Cable pouch, packed	400–800

Vendor specs for electronics are usually accurate and usually exclude the cable, the case and the charger. Weigh the accessories; they are frequently half the mass of the entry.

Books, paper, miscellaneous

Item	Range
Paperback	200–350
Hardback	500–900
Notebook, A5	200–400
Documents / printouts, 50 sheets	250
Umbrella, compact	250–400
Water bottle, empty	100–350
Water, per litre	1000
Towel, travel microfibre	150–300
Towel, cotton bath	500–800

Containers

Belongs in bags.yaml as tare, never in the inventory.

Item	Range
Cabin case, hard, 55 cm	2500–3800
Cabin case, soft, 55 cm	1800–2800
Checked case, medium hard	3200–4500
Checked case, large hard	4000–5500
Checked case, large soft	3000–4200
Duffel, large	800–1500
Backpack, 30 L	700–1300
Packing cube, medium	80–140
Compression cube	120–200

A large hard case can spend a fifth of a 23 kg allowance on itself. When the allowance is tight and the trip is not, the cheapest kilograms available are in the choice of case.