Data Quality Metrics

This document provides comprehensive information about all quality metrics used in Dingo.

Note: All metrics are backed by academic sources to ensure objectivity and scientific rigor.

RAG Evaluation Metrics

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
LLMRAGAnswerRelevancy	LLMRAGAnswerRelevancy	评估答案是否直接回答问题，检测无关和冗余信息	RAGAS: Automated Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Generation	N/A	📝 View Example
LLMRAGContextPrecision	LLMRAGContextPrecision	评估检索上下文的精确度，包括相关性和排序质量	RAGAS: Automated Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Generation	N/A	📝 View Example
LLMRAGContextRecall	LLMRAGContextRecall	评估检索上下文的完整性，判断上下文是否能支持答案中的所有陈述	RAGAS: Automated Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Generation	N/A	📝 View Example
LLMRAGContextRelevancy	LLMRAGContextRelevancy	评估检索上下文与问题的相关性，检测噪声信息	RAGAS: Automated Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Generation	N/A	📝 View Example
LLMRAGFaithfulness	LLMRAGFaithfulness	评估生成答案是否忠实于给定上下文，检测幻觉和编造信息	RAGAS: Automated Evaluation of Retrieval Augmented Generation	N/A	📝 View Example

Pretrain Text Quality Assessment Metrics

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
LLMCodeCompare	LLMCodeCompare	Compares the effectiveness of two tools in extracting code blocks from HTML to Markdown format by evaluating recognit...	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
LLMDatamanAssessment	LLMDatamanAssessment	Evaluates pre-training data quality using the DataMan methodology (14 standards, 15 domains). Assigns a score (0/1), ...	DataMan: Data Manager for Pre-training Large Language Models (Peng et al., 2025)	N/A	N/A
LLMHtmlExtractCompareV2	LLMHtmlExtractCompareV2	Compares two HTML main-content extraction tools by computing text diffs and using LLM to judge which preserves more c...	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
LLMHtmlExtractCompareV3	LLMHtmlExtractCompareV3	Compares two HTML extraction tools using LLM pretraining quality dimensions (completeness, effectiveness, similarity,...	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
LLMMathCompare	LLMMathCompare	Compares the effectiveness of two tools in extracting mathematical formulas from HTML to Markdown format by evaluatin...	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
LLMSecurityPolitics	LLMSecurityPolitics	Evaluates whether the text contains politics-related content	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
LLMTableCompare	LLMTableCompare	Compares the effectiveness of two tools in extracting tables from HTML to Markdown format by evaluating recognition r...	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
LLMTextEquation	LLMTextEquation	Impact-driven text quality evaluation for LLM pretraining, focusing on structural completeness, readability, diversit...	WanJuanSiLu: A High-Quality Open-Source Webtext Dataset for Low-Resource Languages (Yu et al., 2025)	📊 See Results	📝 View Example
LLMTextQualityV4	LLMTextQualityV4	Enhanced text quality evaluation covering completeness (formulas, tables, code), effectiveness (garbled text, spacing...	WanJuanSiLu: A High-Quality Open-Source Webtext Dataset for Low-Resource Languages (Yu et al., 2025)	📊 See Results	N/A
LLMTextQualityV5	LLMTextQualityV5	Impact-driven text quality evaluation for LLM pretraining, focusing on structural completeness, readability, diversit...	WanJuanSiLu: A High-Quality Open-Source Webtext Dataset for Low-Resource Languages (Yu et al., 2025)	📊 See Results	📝 View Example
LLMTextTable	LLMTextTable	Impact-driven text quality evaluation for LLM pretraining, focusing on structural completeness, readability, diversit...	WanJuanSiLu: A High-Quality Open-Source Webtext Dataset for Low-Resource Languages (Yu et al., 2025)	📊 See Results	📝 View Example

SFT Data Assessment Metrics

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
LLMFactCheckPublic	LLMFactCheckPublic	Two-stage factuality evaluation pipeline from GPT-5	GPT-5 System Card (OpenAI)	N/A	N/A
LLMHallucination	LLMHallucination	Evaluates whether the response contains factual contradictions or hallucinations against provided context information	TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoods (Lin et al., 2021)	N/A	N/A
LLMInstructionClarity	LLMInstructionClarity	Evaluates instruction clarity across four dimensions: self-descriptiveness, consistency, specificity, and completeness	Internal Implementation	[📊 See Results](Returns clarity score (0-10) and detailed analysis)	📝 View Example
LLMTaskDifficulty	LLMTaskDifficulty	Evaluates task difficulty across cognitive complexity, step complexity, domain knowledge, and constraint density	Internal Implementation	[📊 See Results](Returns difficulty level (1-10) with detailed breakdown)	📝 View Example
LLMText3HHarmless	LLMText3HHarmless	Checks if responses avoid harmful content, discriminatory language, and dangerous assistance	Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (Bai et al., 2022)	📊 See Results	N/A
LLMText3HHelpful	LLMText3HHelpful	Assesses if responses address questions directly and follow instructions appropriately	Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (Bai et al., 2022)	📊 See Results	N/A
LLMText3HHonest	LLMText3HHonest	Evaluates if responses provide accurate information without fabrication or deception	Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (Bai et al., 2022)	📊 See Results	N/A
QUALITY_BAD_HALLUCINATION	RuleHallucinationHHEM	Uses Vectara's HHEM-2.1-Open model for local hallucination detection by evaluating consistency between response and c...	HHEM-2.1-Open (Forrest Bao, Miaoran Li, Rogger Luo, Ofer Mendelevitch)	N/A	N/A

Classification Metrics

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
LLMClassifyTopic	LLMClassifyTopic	Classifies text into categories like language processing, writing, code, mathematics, role-play, or knowledge Q&A. Ba...	BERTopic & INSTAG (Grootendorst, 2022; Wei et al., 2023)	📊 See Results	N/A

Multimodality Assessment Metrics

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
LLMClassifyQR	LLMClassifyQR	Identifies images as CAPTCHA, QR code, or normal images	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
VLMOCRUnderstanding	VLMOCRUnderstanding	评估多模态模型对图片中文字内容的识别和理解能力，使用DeepSeek-OCR作为Ground Truth	DeepSeek-OCR: Contexts Optical Compression	[📊 See Results](通过对比VLM输出与OCR ground truth，识别文字遗漏、错误、幻觉等问题)	N/A

Rule-Based TEXT Quality Metrics

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
QUALITY_BAD_COMPLETENESS	RuleLineEndWithEllipsis, RuleLineEndWithTerminal, RuleSentenceNumber, RuleWordNumber	Checks whether the ratio of lines ending with ellipsis is below threshold; Checks whether the ratio of lines ending w...	RedPajama: an Open Dataset for Training Large Language Models (Together Computer, 2023)	📊 See Results	N/A
QUALITY_BAD_EFFECTIVENESS	RuleDoi, RuleIsbn, RuleAbnormalChar, RuleAbnormalHtml, RuleAlphaWords, RuleAudioDataFormat, RuleCharNumber, RuleColonEnd, RuleContentNull, RuleContentShort, RuleContentShortMultiLan, RuleEnterAndSpace, RuleEnterMore, RuleEnterRatioMore, RuleHtmlEntity, RuleHtmlTag, RuleInvisibleChar, RuleImageDataFormat, RuleLatexSpecialChar, RuleLineJavascriptCount, RuleLoremIpsum, RuleMeanWordLength, RuleNlpDataFormat, RuleSftDataFormat, RuleSpaceMore, RuleSpecialCharacter, RuleStopWord, RuleSymbolWordRatio, RuleVedioDataFormat, RuleOnlyUrl, RuleDictConsistency	Check whether the string is in the correct format of the doi; Check whether the string is in the correct format of th...	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
QUALITY_BAD_FLUENCY	RuleAbnormalNumber, RuleCharSplit, RuleNoPunc, RuleWordSplit, RuleWordStuck	Checks PDF content for abnormal book page or index numbers that disrupt text flow; Checks PDF content for abnormal ch...	RedPajama: an Open Dataset for Training Large Language Models (Together Computer, 2023)	📊 See Results	N/A
QUALITY_BAD_RELEVANCE	RuleHeadWordAr, RuleHeadWordCs, RuleHeadWordHu, RuleHeadWordKo, RuleHeadWordRu, RuleHeadWordSr, RuleHeadWordTh, RuleHeadWordVi, RulePatternSearch, RuleWatermark	Checks whether Arabic content contains irrelevant tail source information; Checks whether Czech content contains irre...	RedPajama: an Open Dataset for Training Large Language Models (Together Computer, 2023)	📊 See Results	N/A
QUALITY_BAD_SECURITY	RuleIDCard, RuleUnsafeWords, RulePIIDetection	Checks whether content contains ID card information; Checks whether content contains unsafe words; Detects Personal I...	RedPajama: an Open Dataset for Training Large Language Models (Together Computer, 2023)	📊 See Results	N/A
QUALITY_BAD_SIMILARITY	RuleDocRepeat, RuleDocFormulaRepeat	Evaluates text for consecutive repeated content and multiple occurrences of special characters; Evaluates text for co...	RedPajama: an Open Dataset for Training Large Language Models (Together Computer, 2023)	📊 See Results	N/A
QUALITY_BAD_UNDERSTANDABILITY	RuleCapitalWords, RuleCurlyBracket, RuleLineStartWithBulletpoint, RuleUniqueWords	Checks whether the ratio of capital words is above threshold, indicating poor readability; Checks whether the ratio o...	RedPajama: an Open Dataset for Training Large Language Models (Together Computer, 2023)	📊 See Results	N/A

Rule-Based IMG Quality Metrics

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
QUALITY_BAD_IMG_ARTIMUSE	RuleImageArtimuse	Evaluates image quality in the field of aesthetics using artimuse	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
QUALITY_BAD_IMG_EFFECTIVENESS	RuleImageValid, RuleImageSizeValid, RuleImageQuality	Checks whether image is not all white or black, ensuring visual content validity; Checks whether image ratio of width...	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
QUALITY_BAD_IMG_LABEL_OVERLAP	RuleImageLabelOverlap	Detects overlapping bounding boxes in image annotations, marks full/partial overlap and generates visualization images	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
QUALITY_BAD_IMG_LABEL_VISUALIZATION	RuleImageLabelVisualization	Generates visualization images with bounding boxes and category labels, helping manual check of annotation accuracy	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
QUALITY_BAD_IMG_RELEVANCE	RuleImageTextSimilarity	Evaluates semantic similarity between image and text content using CLIP model	Learning Transferable Visual Representations with Natural Language Supervision (Radford et al., 2021)	N/A	N/A
QUALITY_BAD_IMG_SIMILARITY	RuleImageRepeat	Detects duplicate images using PHash and CNN methods to ensure data diversity	ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (Krizhevsky et al., 2012)	N/A	N/A

Audio Quality Metrics

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
QUALITY_BAD_EFFECTIVENESS	RuleAudioDuration	Check whether the audio duration meets the standard	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
QUALITY_BAD_EFFECTIVENESS	RuleAudioSnrQuality	Check whether the audio signal-to-noise ratio meets the standard	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A

Job Hunting Strategy Metrics

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
LLMScout	LLMScout	Strategic job hunting analysis with industry report parsing and person-job matching	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A

Meta Rater Evaluation Metrics

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
LLMMetaRaterCleanliness	LLMMetaRaterCleanliness	Evaluates text formatting, content appropriateness, and completeness, assessing whether text appears human-edited and...	Meta-rater: A Multi-dimensional Data Selection Method for Pre-training Language Models (Zhuang et al., 2025)	N/A	N/A
LLMMetaRaterProfessionalism	LLMMetaRaterProfessionalism	Evaluates the degree of expertise and prerequisite knowledge required to comprehend text on a 5-point scale	Meta-rater: A Multi-dimensional Data Selection Method for Pre-training Language Models (Zhuang et al., 2025)	N/A	N/A
LLMMetaRaterReadability	LLMMetaRaterReadability	Evaluates the clarity and coherence of text using appropriate vocabulary and sentence structures on a 5-point scale	Meta-rater: A Multi-dimensional Data Selection Method for Pre-training Language Models (Zhuang et al., 2025)	N/A	N/A
LLMMetaRaterReasoning	LLMMetaRaterReasoning	Evaluates the reasoning complexity and logical depth of text content, from simple logical judgments to complex multid...	Meta-rater: A Multi-dimensional Data Selection Method for Pre-training Language Models (Zhuang et al., 2025)	N/A	N/A

OCR Eval Metric

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
LLMMinerURecognizeQuality	LLMMinerURecognizeQuality	Evaluate the quality of mineru recognize	Internal Implementation	[📊 See Results](error_category and error_label)	N/A
VLMDocumentParsingOCRTrain	VLMDocumentParsingOCRTrain	Evaluate the quality of mineru recognize	Internal Implementation	[📊 See Results](error_category and error_label)	N/A

RAG Retrieved Evidence Chunk Quality Metrics

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
LLMChunkQuality	LLMChunkQuality	Assesses retrieved citation chunks referenced by LLM answers, detecting start-boundary truncation and duplicated lead...	Internal Implementation	N/A	📝 View Example

Resume Quality Assessment Metrics

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
LLMKeywordMatcher	LLMKeywordMatcher	Semantic keyword matching between resume and job description	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
LLMResumeOptimizer	LLMResumeOptimizer	ATS-focused resume optimization with keyword injection and STAR polishing	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
LLMResumeQuality	LLMResumeQuality	Comprehensive resume quality evaluation covering privacy, contact, format, structure, professionalism, date, and comp...	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A

Rule-Based Metadata Quality Metrics

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
QUALITY_BAD_EFFECTIVENESS	RuleMetadataSimilarity	检查元数据字段与基准数据的相似度匹配，阈值默认为0.6	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A

Rule-Based RESUME Quality Metrics

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
RESUME_QUALITY_BAD_COMPLETENESS	RuleResumeEducationMissing, RuleResumeExperienceMissing	Checks if resume contains education background information; Checks if resume contains work experience information	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
RESUME_QUALITY_BAD_CONTACT	RuleResumeEmailMissing, RuleResumePhoneMissing, RuleResumePhoneFormat	Checks if resume contains a valid email address; Checks if resume contains a valid phone number; Validates phone numb...	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
RESUME_QUALITY_BAD_DATE	RuleResumeDateFormat	Detects inconsistent date format usage in resume	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
RESUME_QUALITY_BAD_FORMAT	RuleResumeExcessiveWhitespace, RuleResumeMarkdown	Detects excessive consecutive spaces in resume; Detects common Markdown syntax errors in resume	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
RESUME_QUALITY_BAD_PRIVACY	RuleResumeIDCard, RuleResumeDetailedAddress	Detects 18-digit Chinese ID card numbers in resume content; Detects detailed address patterns that may leak privacy	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
RESUME_QUALITY_BAD_PROFESSIONALISM	RuleResumeEmoji, RuleResumeInformal	Detects emoji usage in resume which reduces professionalism; Detects informal or colloquial expressions in resume	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
RESUME_QUALITY_BAD_STRUCTURE	RuleResumeNameMissing, RuleResumeSectionMissing	Checks if resume contains a name in the first 200 characters; Checks if resume contains required sections like educat...	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A

SFT Data Assessment Metrics - Agent-Enhanced

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
AgentHallucination	AgentHallucination	Agent-based hallucination detection with automatic web search for missing context	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A

Text Generation

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
LLMLongVideoQa	LLMLongVideoQa	Generate video-related question-answer pairs based on the summarized information of the input long video.	VRBench: A Benchmark for Multi-Step Reasoning in Long Narrative Videos (Jiashuo Yu et al., 2025)	N/A	N/A

Other Metrics

Type	Metric	Description	Paper Source	Evaluation Results	Examples
AgentFactCheck	AgentFactCheck	Agent-based hallucination detection with autonomous web search	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
ArticleFactChecker	ArticleFactChecker	Article-level fact checking with autonomous claims extraction and verification	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A
LLMCustomMetric	LLMCustomMetric	Unified metric for user customization	Internal Implementation	N/A	N/A