.{py, cp} Python 不支持

October 10, 2025 · View on GitHub

create date last modify

Keywords: linux

通配符

通配符描述
*匹配 0 个或多个任意字符, 等价于一般正则中的 .*
**匹配任意层级的目录, 示例 **/*.txt
?匹配 1 个任意字符, 等价于一般正则中的 .
[abc]匹配给定的字符, 与一般正则中含义相同
[a-z]匹配给定范围内的字符, 与一般正则中含义相同
[!abc]匹配任意非给定的字符, 等价于一般正则中的 [^abc]
[!a-z]匹配任意非给定范围内的字符, 等价于一般正则中的 [^a-z]
{a,b}匹配子模式之一, 示例 *.{py,c*}, 等价于 *.(py|c*)
  • 有的系统中使用 ! 需要转义

参考

示例

测试目录

-> % tree .
.
├── a1.c
├── a2.py
├── a3.cpp
└── foo
    ├── bar
    │   ├── d1.py
    │   ├── d2.cpp
    │   └── d3.c
    ├── baz
    │   ├── b1.py
    │   ├── b2.c
    │   └── b3.cpp
    ├── c1.py
    ├── c2.cpp
    └── c3.c

python (Path.glob())

  • 不支持 {} 通配符
-> % python
Python 3.9.13 | packaged by conda-forge | (main, May 27 2022, 17:00:33)
[Clang 13.0.1 ] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from pathlib import Path
>>> r = Path('.').absolute(); r
PosixPath('/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test')

# a*
>>> for p in r.glob('a*'): print(p)
...
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/a1.c
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/a3.cpp
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/a2.py

# a[13]*
>>> for p in r.glob('a[13]*'): print(p)
...
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/a1.c
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/a3.cpp

# a[!13]*
>>> for p in r.glob('a[!13]*'): print(p)
...
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/a2.py

# *.c*
>>> for p in r.glob('*.c*'): print(p)
...
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/a1.c
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/a3.cpp

# */*.c*
>>> for p in r.glob('*/*.c*'): print(p)
...
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/foo/c2.cpp
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/foo/c3.c

# **/*.cpp
>>> for p in r.glob('**/*.cpp'): print(p)
...
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/a3.cpp
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/foo/c2.cpp
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/foo/baz/b3.cpp
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/foo/bar/d2.cpp

# *.{py, cp*}  Python 不支持
>>> for p in r.glob('*.{py, cp*}'): print(p)
...

# *.?
>>> for p in r.glob('*.?'): print(p)
...
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/a1.c

# */*.?
>>> for p in r.glob('*/*.?'): print(p)
...
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/foo/c3.c

# */*/*.?
>>> for p in r.glob('*/*/*.?'): print(p)
...
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/foo/baz/b2.c
/Users/huay/tmp/glob_test/foo/bar/d3.c

zsh 环境 (mac)

  • 多数结果与 Python 环境相同;
  • 使用 ! 符号, 需要转义;
  • 支持 {} 模式;
-> % ll a[\!13]*
-rw-r--r--  1 huay  staff     0B  8 26 18:01 a2.py

-> % ll a[^13]*  
-rw-r--r--  1 huay  staff     0B  8 26 18:01 a2.py

-> % ll *.{py,cp*}
-rw-r--r--  1 huay  staff     0B  8 26 18:01 a2.py
-rw-r--r--  1 huay  staff     0B  8 26 18:01 a3.cpp