Build Your First Capability

August 4, 2026 · View on GitHub

In this tutorial you will build a tiny, fully declarative GSD capability from scratch and watch it act inside your project's loop. By the end you will have a working capability installed, visible in gsd capability list, and firing at the plan:pre extension point.

No code is required. Declarative capabilities — those that own only prompt fragments and hook declarations, with no executable hook scripts or MCP servers — require no trust prompt at install time.

We will build a capability called hello-note. It registers a contribution at the plan:pre extension point that injects a short greeting fragment into the planner's prompt and declares that it produces a file called HELLO.md.

Before you begin

You need:

  • GSD 1.6.0 or later (gsd --version).
  • A throwaway project directory. Create one now:
mkdir ~/hello-demo && cd ~/hello-demo
gsd init

You will work inside ~/hello-demo for the rest of this tutorial.

Step 1 — Scaffold the capability folder

Capabilities live in a capabilities/<id>/ folder. Create the folder structure:

mkdir -p capabilities/hello-note/fragments

Your project tree now looks like this:

~/hello-demo/
  .gsd/
  capabilities/
    hello-note/
      fragments/        ← prompt fragments live here

Step 2 — Write the prompt fragment

The fragment is a short Markdown file that will be injected into the planner's prompt when the plan:pre hook fires. Create it:

cat > capabilities/hello-note/fragments/plan-pre.md << 'EOF'
## Hello from hello-note

This planning session was started with the hello-note capability active.
Record a brief note in HELLO.md summarising the plan goal in one sentence.
EOF

Notice that the fragment is plain prose. The capability system reads this file and inlines its text when the capability is loaded, then renders it into the planner's prompt when the loop reaches plan:pre.

Step 3 — Write capability.json

Create the manifest at capabilities/hello-note/capability.json:

{
  "id": "hello-note",
  "role": "feature",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "title": "Hello Note",
  "description": "Injects a greeting note at plan:pre and produces HELLO.md.",
  "tier": "standard",
  "requires": [],
  "engines": { "gsd": ">=1.6.0" },
  "runtimeCompat": { "supported": ["*"], "unsupported": [] },
  "skills": [],
  "agents": [],
  "config": {},
  "steps": [],
  "contributions": [
    {
      "point": "plan:pre",
      "into": "planner",
      "fragment": { "path": "fragments/plan-pre.md" },
      "produces": ["HELLO.md"],
      "consumes": [],
      "onError": "skip"
    }
  ],
  "gates": []
}

A few things to notice:

  • version is required in 1.6.0. Use semver.
  • engines.gsd is a hard gate: GSD will refuse to install or load this capability on any version older than 1.6.0.
  • role: "feature" means this capability adds optional behaviour to the loop — it is not a runtime descriptor. A feature capability must declare runtimeCompat; { "supported": ["*"] } means "every runtime".
  • This is a contribution, not a step. A contribution injects a prompt fragment into a named agent role (into) and needs no dispatch target. A step, by contrast, must carry a ref with exactly one of skill, agent, or command — so a fragment-only injection is always a contribution. That is why steps is left empty here.
  • into: "planner" names the agent role that receives the fragment. planner is one of the roles published by the plan:pre extension point (alongside researcher and checker); the value must be a role that point publishes or the manifest fails validation.
  • produces tells the registry that this contribution writes HELLO.md, which lets the registry order hooks and detect unsatisfied dependencies in more complex setups.
  • onError: "skip" means the loop continues even if this contribution fails. For a first capability that is the safe choice.

The fragment is referenced by path. At load time GSD reads the file and inlines its text into the registry, so the contribution carries the materialised content wherever the loop renders it. This keeps the capability completely declarative — no executable code is involved.

Step 4 — Install the capability into your project

Install from the local path with --scope project so it is scoped only to this demo project:

gsd capability install ./capabilities/hello-note --scope project

The command emits a JSON result:

{
  "status": "installed",
  "id": "hello-note",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "scope": "project",
  "disclosure": [
    "This capability ships no executable surfaces (declarative only)."
  ]
}

GSD copies the bundle into .gsd/capabilities/hello-note/ and records it in the project ledger at .gsd-capabilities.json. Because hello-note declares no executable surfaces (no hook scripts, no MCP servers, no command modules) it installs without a consent prompt — the disclosure line confirms there was no runnable code to review. That is intentional: declarative capabilities are safe to install without reviewing executable code.

Step 5 — Confirm the installation

gsd capability list

list emits a JSON array of every capability GSD can see — the first-party ones that ship with GSD, plus any you have installed. Your hello-note entry appears at the end:

{
  "id": "hello-note",
  "role": "feature",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "tier": "standard",
  "source": "./capabilities/hello-note",
  "scope": "project",
  "status": "active",
  "reason": null,
  "title": "Hello Note"
}

status is active — the capability is installed, compatible with your GSD version, and will fire. (The other status values are incompatible, when the host GSD version is outside the capability's engines.gsd range, and inactive, when a project-scoped capability has not been consented on this machine.)

You can also query the active hook set for the plan:pre point:

gsd loop render-hooks plan:pre --raw

The envelope is { point, activeHooks, rendered }. Your contribution appears in activeHooks (alongside any first-party hooks active at this point):

{
  "capId": "hello-note",
  "kind": "contribution",
  "into": "planner",
  "fragment": {
    "inline": "## Hello from hello-note\n\nThis planning session was started with the hello-note capability active.\nRecord a brief note in HELLO.md summarising the plan goal in one sentence.\n",
    "path": "fragments/plan-pre.md"
  },
  "produces": ["HELLO.md"],
  "onError": "skip"
}

Notice that fragment.inline now holds the materialised text from fragments/plan-pre.md — GSD inlined it at load time, while keeping the original path for reference. The top-level rendered field of the envelope contains the same fragment formatted as a <contribution from="hello-note" into="planner">…</contribution> block, which is what the planner actually receives.

Step 6 — See the contribution reach the planner

Planning is driven by a slash command, not a gsd subcommand. In your AI assistant, start a planning session for a phase with:

/gsd-plan-phase

When the planner runs, the plan:pre hook set is rendered into its prompt, so it receives the hello-note contribution and, following the fragment's instruction, records a one-line note in HELLO.md.

You do not need to run a full planning session to confirm the wiring, though. The loop render-hooks command shows exactly what the loop would hand the planner — the same output you saw in Step 5:

gsd loop render-hooks plan:pre --raw

Find hello-note in activeHooks and read the rendered field: the <contribution from="hello-note" into="planner"> block is the literal text the planner receives. That confirms the capability is wired into the loop, without dispatching a single agent.

Step 7 — Remove the capability

When you want to stop the contribution from firing, remove the capability from the project:

gsd capability remove hello-note --scope project

This emits a JSON result describing what was removed:

{
  "status": "removed",
  "id": "hello-note",
  "scope": "project",
  "removedFiles": [
    ".gsd/capabilities/hello-note"
  ],
  "strippedEdits": 0,
  "dataPreserved": true
}

Run gsd capability list again and hello-note is gone from the array. Run gsd loop render-hooks plan:pre --raw and you will see it is absent from activeHooks: a removed capability contributes nothing to the loop.

Removing the installed bundle does not touch the source folder you authored under capabilities/hello-note/ — that is your copy. To reinstall, just run the Step 4 command again.

You have built your first capability

You scaffolded a capability folder, wrote a manifest with a single plan:pre contribution, installed it into a project-scoped ledger without a trust prompt, confirmed it in the active hook set, saw it reach the planning loop, and removed it cleanly.

The capability you built is fully declarative: it owns a prompt fragment and a hook declaration, and no executable code was involved at any point.

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