TiDB 中英术语表
January 13, 2024 · View on GitHub
| English | 中文 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|
| 2-phase commit (2PC) | 2 阶段提交 | |
| abort | 退出 | |
| abstract | 抽象 | |
| abstract syntax tree (AST) | 抽象语法树 | |
| access | 访问 | |
| account | 账户 | |
| accuracy | 准确性 | |
| ACID properties of transactions | 事务的 ACID 特性 | |
| aggregate expression | 聚合表达式 | |
| aggregate function | 聚合函数 | |
| alert | 报警/告警 | |
| algorithm | 算法 | |
| anonymous | 匿名 | |
| appendix | 附录 | |
| architecture | 架构 | |
| arithmetic operation | 数值运算/算术运算 | |
| ascending order | 正序 | |
| assignment expression | 赋值表达式 | |
| assignment operation | 赋值运算 | |
| authorize | 授予权限 | |
| auto increment | 自增 | |
| auto-failover | 故障自恢复 | |
| auto-increment primary key | 自增主键 | |
| availability | 可用性 | |
| availability zone | 可用区 | |
| backup | 备份 | |
| bastion | 堡垒机 | |
| binary literal | 二进制字面值 | |
| bit | 位 | |
| Bloom filter | 布隆过滤器 | |
| boolean operation | 布尔运算 | |
| bootstrap | 启动/引导程序 | |
| breakpoint | 断点 | |
| breakpoint resume | 断点续传 | |
| business continuity | 业务可持续性 | |
| cache | 缓存 | |
| cache miss | 缓存未命中 | |
| canary test | 灰度测试 | |
| Cartesian product | 笛卡尓积 | |
| case-sensitive | 大小写敏感 | |
| certificate signing request (CSR) | 证书签名请求 | |
| cost based optimization (CBO) | 基于代价的优化 | |
| Custom Resource Definition (CRD) | 自定义资源类型 | |
| checksum | 校验和 | |
| circular dependency | 循环依赖 | |
| class | 类 | |
| client | 客户端 | |
| client library | 客户端库 | |
| cluster | 集群 | |
| cluster functionality | 集群功能 | |
| clustered index | 聚簇索引 | |
| coarse-grained | 粗粒度的 | |
| code comment | 代码注释 | |
| code instrumentation | 代码插桩 | |
| collation | 排序规则 | |
| column family (CF) | 列族 | |
| column pruning | 列裁剪 | |
| column store | 列存 | |
| column-oriented DBMS | 列式存储数据库 | |
| columnar storage engine | 列式存储引擎 | |
| combinatorial test | 组合测试 | |
| combined table | 总表 | |
| communicate | 通信 | |
| communication | 通信 | |
| comparison operation | 比较运算 | |
| compatible | 兼容 | |
| compile | 编译 | |
| composite index | 组合索引 | |
| composite (primary) key | 联合主键 | |
| computing capacity | 计算能力 | |
| concurrency | 并发 | |
| configuration error | 配置错误 | |
| configuration item | 配置项 | |
| conflict | 冲突 | |
| consistency | 一致性 | |
| constant | 常数，常量 | |
| constant folding | 常量折叠 | |
| constraint | 约束 | |
| container technology | 容器技术 | |
| Control Machine | 中控机 | |
| converge | 收敛 | |
| Coprocessor | Coprocessor | 无需翻译；是否大写首字母看上下文 |
| correctness | 正确性 | |
| correlated subquery | 关联子查询 | |
| corresponding operation | 对应操作 | |
| CPU-bound | CPU 密集型 | |
| cross-datacenter | 跨数据中心 | |
| cross-row transaction | 跨行事务 | |
| custom schedulers | 自定义调度器 | |
| daily full synchronization | 每日全量同步 | |
| data abstraction | 数据抽象 | |
| data backfilling | 数据回填 | |
| data block | 数据块 | |
| data directory | 数据路径 | |
| data dissemination | 数据分发 | |
| data engine | 数据引擎 | |
| data hub | 数据中台 | |
| Data Manipulation Language (DML) | 数据操纵语言 | |
| data race | 数据竞争 | |
| database administrator (DBA) | 数据库管理员 | |
| database kernel | 数据库内核 | 内核是 kernel，不是 core |
| datacenter | 数据中心 | |
| dataflow | 数据流 | |
| decompress | 解压缩 | |
| dependency/dependencies | 依赖包 | |
| dependency | 依赖关系 | |
| deploy | 部署 | |
| deployment | 部署 | |
| destroy the cluster | 销毁集群 | |
| directory | 目录 | |
| disaster recovery | 容灾 | |
| disparate data source | 异构数据源 | |
| distributed database | 分布式数据库 | |
| driving table | 驱动表 | |
| dummy data | 假数据 | |
| dynamic | 动态 | |
| dynamic programming algorithm | 动态规划算法 | |
| effective range | 生效范围 | |
| earlier version | 以下版本 | |
| edit | 修改/编辑（如：修改 ini 文件） | |
| effective range | 生效范围 | |
| elect | 选举 | |
| engine file | 引擎文件 | |
| environment variable | 环境变量 | |
| equivalent/equal condition | 等值条件 | |
| escape character | 转义字符 | |
| exact match | 精确匹配 | |
| exception | 异常 | |
| execute | 执行 | |
| experimental feature | 实验特性 | |
| expire | 过期 | |
| explicit transaction | 显式事务 | |
| expression | 表达式 | |
| extendible hashing | 可扩充散列 | |
| external interface | 对外接口 | |
| eventual consistency | 最终一致性 | |
| fault-tolerant design | 容错设计 | |
| fetch data | 获取数据 | |
| field | 字段 | |
| file descriptor | 文件描述符 | |
| file handle | 文件句柄 | |
| fill-factor | 填充因子 | |
| fine-grained | 细粒度 | |
| flag | （命令行）标记/参数 | |
| float | float | |
| Follower | Follower | A role in the Raft consensus algorithm |
| force upgrade | 强制升级 | |
| foundation class | 基础类库 | |
| framework | 框架 | |
| full backup | 全量备份 | |
| full compact / compaction | 全量压缩 | |
| full import | 全量导入 | |
| full match | 全匹配 | |
| full table scan | 全表扫描 | |
| function | 函数 | |
| function signature | 函数签名 | |
| functional abstraction | 功能抽象 | |
| fuzzy matching | 模糊匹配 | |
| Geo-distributed active-active | 异地双活 | |
| Geo-distributed multi-active | 异地多活 | |
| global | 全局 | |
| global privileges | 全局权限 | |
| Global Transaction Identifier (GTID) | 全局事务标识符 | |
| goroutine | 协程 | It also can be "coroutine". But it is suggested using "goroutine". |
| graceful | 优雅的 | |
| granularity | 粒度 | |
| grid computing | 网格计算 | |
| HA policy | 高可用策略 | |
| handle | 句柄 | |
| hang | 假死 | |
| hard limit | 硬限制 | |
| hash function | 散列函数 | |
| hash join | 哈希连接 | |
| hash partitioned table | hash 分区表 | |
| high availability | 高可用 | |
| high concurrency | 高并发 | 名词短语 (noun phrase) |
| high concurrent | 高并发 | 形容词短语 (adj phrase) |
| Horizontal Pod Autoscaling (HPA) | 自动水平扩容 | TiDB on Kubernetes |
| horizontal scalability | 水平扩展 | |
| host | 主机 | |
| hot data | 热点数据 | |
| hotfix | 热修复 | |
| hybrid deployment | 混合部署 | |
| Hybrid Transactional and Analytical Processing (HTAP) | HTAP (Hybrid Transactional and Analytical Processing) | 一般写英文形式 |
| idempotent (idempotence) | 幂等 | |
| image | 镜像 | |
| image tag error | 镜像 tag 错误 | |
| implement | 实现 | |
| implementation | 实现 | |
| implicit transaction | 隐式事务 | |
| in batches | 批量 | 动词短语 (verb phrase) |
| in full volume | 全量 | |
| in-memory database | 内存数据库 | |
| incremental backup | 增量备份 | |
| incremental import | 增量导入 | |
| incremental synchronization | 增量同步 | |
| incrementally | 增量地 | |
| index engine | 索引引擎 | |
| index join | 索引连接 | |
| infer | 推导 | |
| initialize | 初始化 | |
| Input/Output Operations Per Second (IOPS) | IOPS | 每秒输入输出操作，一般写英文形式 |
| instance | 实例 | |
| instantiate | 实例化 | |
| int | 整数型 | |
| interceptor | 拦截器 | |
| interface | 接口 | |
| intermediate state | 中间状态 | |
| internal mechanism | 内部机制 | |
| Internationalization (I18N) | 国际化 | |
| Internet Data Center (IDC) | 互联网数据中心 | |
| Internet Service Provider (ISP) | 互联网服务提供商 | |
| intrusive | 有侵入性的 | |
| Isolated storage | 独立存储 | |
| isolation | 隔离 | |
| isolation level | 隔离级别 | |
| Java DataBase Connectivity (JDBC) | Java 数据库连接 | |
| kernel version | 内核版本 | |
| key-value pair(s) / KV pair(s) | 键值对 | |
| keyword | 关键字 | |
| Kubernetes (K8s) | Kubernetes (K8s) | |
| latch contention | 锁竞争 | |
| latency | 延时 | |
| later version | 以上版本 | |
| Leader | Leader | A role in the Raft consensus algorithm |
| leak | 泄漏 | |
| least recently used (LRU) | 近期最少使用法 | |
| left associative | 左结合 | |
| left outer join | 左外连接 | |
| level | 级别 | |
| lifecycle | 生命周期 | |
| limitation | 限制 | |
| linear hashing | 线性散列 | |
| listening | （服务）监听 | |
| listening address | 监听地址 | |
| load | 负载 | |
| load | 加载 | |
| Local Persist Volume(s)/LPV(s) | 本地持久化卷 | |
| locality | 局部性 | |
| localization (L10N) | 本地化 | |
| lock | 锁 | |
| lock contention | 锁争用 | |
| log file | 日志文件 | |
| log level | 日志等级 | |
| logic | 逻辑 | |
| logic isolation | 逻辑隔离 | |
| logical operation | 逻辑运算 | |
| logical plan | 逻辑计划 | |
| long transaction | 长事务 | |
| machine code | 机器码 | |
| massive data | 海量数据 | 不是 big data（大数据） |
| Massively Parallel Processing (MPP) | 大规模并行处理 | |
| master | 主库 | |
| materialized view | 物化视图 | |
| memory | 内存 | |
| merge join | 合并连接 | |
| metadata | 元信息 | |
| method | 方法 | |
| method invocation | 方法调用 | |
| metrics | 统计/指标（信息） | |
| microservice | 微服务 | |
| middleware | 中间件 | |
| migration | 迁移 | |
| module call | 模块调用 | |
| monotone increasing | 单调递增 | |
| mount option(s) | 挂载参数 | |
| mount/mounting | 挂载 | |
| multi nodes | 多节点 | |
| multi-tenancy | 多租户技术 | |
| Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC) | 多版本并发控制 | |
| mutation | 变异 | |
| mutex | 互斥锁 | Mutual exclusion |
| MySQL syntax | MySQL 语法 | |
| namespace | 命名空间 | |
| nest loop | 嵌套循环 | |
| node | 节点 | |
| non-unique index | 非唯一索引 | |
| null | 空值 | |
| object abstraction | 对象抽象 | |
| Object Relational Mapping (ORM) | 对象关系映射 | |
| offset | 偏移 | |
| Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) | 在线分析处理 | |
| Online Transactional Processing (OLTP) | 在线事务处理 | |
| one-to-many relationship | 一对多关系 | |
| open source | 开源 | 名词 (noun) |
| open-source | 开源 | 可用作形容词 (adj) 或动词 (verb) |
| operating environment | 运行环境 | |
| operation and administer | 运维 | |
| operational data store (ODS) | 操作数据存储 | |
| operational status | 运行状态 | |
| operator | 运算符/操作符/算子 | |
| operator precedence | 运算符优先级 | |
| optimistic locking | 乐观锁 | |
| optimistic transaction model | 乐观事务模型 | |
| optimizer | 优化器 | |
| out of memory (OOM) | 内存溢出 | |
| outer join | 外连接 | |
| outer join simplification | 外连化简 | |
| overhead | 开销 | |
| parallel replication | 并行复制 | |
| parameter | 参数 | |
| parse | 解析 | |
| partitioned table/partition table | 分区表 | |
| performance | 性能 | |
| performance jitter | 性能抖动 | |
| performance overhead | 性能开销 | |
| performance tuning | 性能调优 | |
| persist (data) | 持久化存储（数据） | persist 与一般的 save（保存）不一样，持久化存储是将数据保存到硬盘中，使得在应用程序或机器重启后可以继续访问之前保存的数据。 |
| persistent data | 持久化数据 | |
| pessimistic locking | 悲观锁 | |
| physical plan | 物理计划 | |
| point query | 点查询 | |
| populate | 填充 | |
| port | 端口 | |
| precheck | 前置检查 | TiDB 文档里统一译成“前置检查”，不译成”预检查” |
| prefix match | 前缀匹配 | |
| primitive | 原语 | Kubernetes 中的概念 |
| private cloud | 私有云 | |
| private key | 私钥 | |
| privilege | 权限 | |
| production environment | 生产环境 | |
| proof of concept (PoC) | 概念验证 | |
| public cloud | 公有云 | |
| public key | 公钥 | |
| pure virtual function | 纯虚函数 | |
| push | 推送 | |
| push down | 下推 | 动词短语 (verb phrase) |
| pushdown | 下推的 | 形容词 (adj.) |
| query | 查询 | |
| query by returning to the table (not a fixed term) | 回表查询 | |
| query tree | 查询树 | |
| Raft | Raft | |
| Raft consensus algorithm | Raft 一致性算法 | |
| random delay | 随机延迟 | |
| range query | 范围查询 | |
| read | 读 | |
| reads and writes | 读写 | |
| real-time replication delay | 实时同步延迟 | |
| recursion | 递归 | |
| reduction operation | 归约操作 | |
| Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) | 独立冗余磁盘阵列 | |
| refactor | 重构 | |
| Region | Region | |
| regular expression | 正则表达式 | |
| Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) | 关系型数据库管理系统 | |
| remote disaster recovery | 异地灾备 | |
| Remote Procedure Call (RPC) | 远程过程调用 | |
| renderer | 渲染器 | |
| repair data | 修复数据 | |
| replica | 副本 | |
| replicator | 复制因子 | |
| repository | 仓库 | |
| request | 请求 | |
| restart | 重启 | |
| restore | 恢复 | 可以作为名词 (noun) 或动词 (verb) 使用 |
| retention period | 保留时间 | |
| return | 返回 | |
| return value | 返回值 | |
| reuse | 复用 | |
| reverse proxy | 反向代理 | |
| revoke | （权限）回收 | |
| rewind | 回退 | |
| rolling update | 滚动升级 | |
| rotate | 轮转 | |
| rough set | 粗糙集 | |
| routine | 例程 | |
| row store | 行存 | |
| rule based optimization (RBO) | 基于规则的优化 | |
| runtime | 运行时 | |
| Scalar Function | 标量函数 | |
| scale | 扩展 | |
| scale in | 缩容 | |
| scale out | 扩容 | |
| scalability | 扩展性 | |
| scenario | 场景 | |
| schedule | 调度 | |
| scope | 作用域 | |
| secondary indices | 次级索引 | |
| seed | 数据填充 | |
| sequential flooding | 顺序泛洪 | |
| service | 服务 | |
| session | 会话 | |
| shard key | 分片键 | |
| shard(s) | 分片（名词） | 比如“删除一个分片”，“SHARD_ROW_ID_BITS = 4 代表 16 个分片”等，此时用 shard(s)。 |
| sharded table | 分表 | |
| sharding | 分片（动词或动名词） | |
| sign bit | 符号位 | |
| simulate | 模拟 | |
| single-instance | 单机 | |
| single point of failure (SPOF) | 单点故障 | |
| skip list | 跳跃表 | |
| slave | 从库 | |
| slow query | 慢查询 | |
| snapshot | 快照 | |
| snapshot isolation (SI) | 快照隔离 | |
| soft limit | 软限制 | |
| sort | 排序 | |
| sorted | 有序的 | |
| source end | 源端 | |
| split | 切分 | |
| stack | 堆栈 | |
| startup parameter | 启动参数 | |
| stateful | 有状态的 | |
| stateless | 无状态的 | |
| statement | 语句 | |
| Static Sorted Table (SST) | 静态排序表文件 (SST) | |
| stop | 下线 | |
| storage capacity | 存储能力 | |
| storage engine | 存储引擎 | |
| stored procedure | 存储过程 | |
| stream computing | 流计算 | |
| stress test | 压力测试 | |
| string | 字符串 | |
| strong consistency | 强一致性 | |
| struct | 结构体 | |
| subquery | 子查询 | |
| super class | 超类 | |
| synchronizing/syncing | 同步 | |
| Syntactic sugar | 语法糖 | In computer science, syntactic sugar is syntax within a programming language that is designed to make things easier to read or to express. It makes the language "sweeter" for human use: things can be expressed more clearly, more concisely, or in an alternative style that some may prefer. |
| syntax | 语法 | |
| system variable | 系统变量 | |
| table schema | 表结构 | |
| target machine | （部署）目标机器 | |
| technology stack | 技术栈 | |
| test | 测试 | |
| the configuration file | 配置文件 | |
| Transparent Huge Pages (THP) | 透明大页 | A Linux memory management system |
| thread | 线程 | |
| thread pool | 线程池 | |
| throughput | 吞吐 | |
| TiDB | TiDB | |
| TiKV | TiKV | |
| time out | 超时 | |
| time series database | 时序数据库 | |
| Time Series Database (TSDB) | 时序数据库 | |
| time synchronization error | 时间同步误差 | |
| Time To Live (TTL) | 存活时间 | |
| timeliness | 时效性 | |
| timestamp | 时间戳 | |
| timestamp allocator | 时间戳分配器 | |
| Timestamp Oracle (TSO) | Timestamp Oracle (TSO) | |
| token bucket | 令牌桶 | An algorithm used in packet switched computer networks and telecommunications networks |
| tolerate | 容忍 | |
| topology | 拓扑结构 | |
| traffic flow control | 流控/流量控制 | |
| transaction | 事务 | |
| traverse | 遍历 | |
| trie | 字典树 | |
| trie | 单词查找树 | |
| tutorial | 教程 | |
| type | 类型 | |
| type infer | 类型推导 | |
| unbind | 解除（对服务、软件的）依赖，绑定，关联 | |
| underlying table | 底层表 | |
| unidirectional data flow | 单向数据流 | |
| union | 联合体 | |
| Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) | 通用唯一识别码 | |
| unsigned integer | 无符号整数 | |
| update | 修改（如：修改行） | |
| user identification | 用户标识 | |
| user privilege | 用户权限 | |
| variable | 变量 | |
| verification | 验证 | |
| verify | 验证 | |
| Vertical Pod Autoscaling (VPA) | Pod 自动垂直扩容 | TiDB on Kubernetes |
| wild card | 通配符 | |
| work queue(s) | 工作队列 | |
| wrapper | 封装器 | |
| write amplification (WA) | 写放大 | |
| write buffer | 写缓冲器 | |
| write skew | 写偏斜 | |
| write-ahead logging (WAL) | 预写式日志 |