LABELS.md
January 11, 2019 · View on GitHub
The dependency labels implemented in ParZu are described in:
Killian A. Foth. 2005. Eine umfassende Constraint-Dependenz-Grammatik des Deutschen. University of Hamburg.
Here is a short summary
ADV - ADVERB
Adverbial function (includes adverbial adjectives, negations, and similar)
Er kommt *spät*
APP - APPOSITION
includes both close and true appositions
close apposition:
Präsident *Obama*;
Elton *John*
true apposition:
Peter, der *Besitzer* des Ladens
ATTR - ATTRIBUTE
attributive adjectives or numbers
Der *kleine* Mann
AUX - AUXILIARY
auxiliary verb relation (note that the auxiliary verb is the head of the relation)
Ich bin *angekommen*
AVZ - ABGETRENNTES VERB-PRÄFIX
separated verb particle
Er kommt morgen *an*
CJ - CONJOINED ELEMENT
last element in a conjunction
Peter und *Lisa*
DET - DETERMINER
*der* Mann
EXPL - EXPLETIVE "ES"
"es" as a syntactic placeholder for a clausal object/subject
*es* ist gefährlich, alleine zu gehen
GMOD - GENITIVE MODIFIER/ATTRIBUTE
genitive noun phrase that modifies another noun phrase.
Der Krieg der *Sterne*
GRAD - DEGREE
noun phrase that expresses a magnitude/degree
Er ist drei *Jahre* alt
KOM - COMPARATIVE
comparative conjunction
hart *wie* stahl
schöner *als* Ferien
KON - COORDINATION
all members in a coordination (except for the last one, which is CJ) both the conjoined elements and the conjunctions are marked as KON
Peter, *Susi* *und* Mark
KONJ - CONJUNCTION
subordinating conjunction
Ich hoffe, *dass* es klappt
NEB - NEBENSATZ (SUBORDINATE CLAUSE)
subordinate clause that is adjunct
Wenn alles *klappt*, komme ich morgen
OBJA - ACCUSATIVE OBJECT
Ich sehe den *Mann*
OBJA2 - 2nd ACCUSATIVE OBJECT
is mapped to OBJA
OBJC - CLAUSAL OBJECT
subordinate clause that is complement
Ich hoffe, dass es *klappt*
OBJD - DATIVE OBJECT
Er vertraut *ihr*
OBJG - GENITIVE OBJECT
Er verdächtigt den Mann des *Mordes*
OBJI - INFINITIVE OBJECT
Er versuchte, ihr zu *helfen*
OBJP - PREPOSITIONAL OBJECT
prepositional phrase that is complement
Er ging mit ihr *ins* Kino
PAR - PARENTHETICAL EXPRESSIONS
used for some tricky constructions in which one clause is interrupted by another one.
"Ich", *sagte* er, "komme morgen"
PART - PARTICLE
mostly used for "zu" and some fixed expressions:
nicht *zu* glauben
*ein* wenig besser
PN - PREPOSITION COMPLEMENT
Er liegt in der *Sonne*
PP - PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
prepositional phrase that is adjunct
Er ging *mit* ihr ins Kino
PRED - PREDICATIVE NOUN
Er ist *tot*, Jim
REL - RELATIVE CLAUSE
connects head of relative clause to its head. the relative pronoun receives the label that corresponds to its function in the relative clause.
der Spion, der mich *liebte*
S - SENTENCE
Mostly used for reported speech
Er sagte, er *sei* unschuldig
SUBJ - SUBJECT
*Er* sagte, *er* sei unschuldig
SUBJC - CLAUSAL SUBJECT
Es freut mich, dass ihr alle hier *seid*
VOK - VOCATIVE
Er ist tot, *Jim*
ZEIT - TEMPORAL NOUN PHRASE
noun phrase (without preposition/conjunction) with temporal function
*2011* ging die Firma bankrott
*Anfang* Februar begann der Aufschwung