MOROS Devices

July 22, 2026 ยท View on GitHub

Creating the devices in the file system:

write /dev/
write /dev/ata/
write /dev/ata/0/
write /dev/ata/0/0 -d ata-0-0
write /dev/ata/0/1 -d ata-0-1
write /dev/ata/1/
write /dev/ata/1/0 -d ata-1-0
write /dev/ata/1/1 -d ata-1-1
write /dev/clk/
write /dev/clk/boot -d clk-boot
write /dev/clk/epoch -d clk-epoch
write /dev/clk/rtc -d clk-rtc
write /dev/console -d console
write /dev/kbd/
write /dev/kbd/buffer -d kbd-buffer
write /dev/kbd/layout -d kbd-layout
write /dev/net/
write /dev/net/tcp -d net-tcp
write /dev/net/udp -d net-udp
write /dev/net/gw -d net-gw
write /dev/net/ip -d net-ip
write /dev/net/mac -d net-mac
write /dev/net/stat -d net-stat
write /dev/null -d null
write /dev/random -d random
write /dev/speaker -d speaker
write /dev/vga/
write /dev/vga/buffer -d vga-buffer
write /dev/vga/font -d vga-font
write /dev/vga/mode -d vga-mode
write /dev/vga/palette -d vga-palette

Clock Devices

Reading the number of seconds since boot:

> read /dev/clk/boot
89.570360

Reading the number of seconds since Unix Epoch:

> read /dev/clk/epoch
1730398385.175973

Reading the real time clock (RTC):

> read /dev/clk/rtc
2024-10-31 18:20:02

Changing the system time:

> print 2025-01-01 00:00:00 => /dev/clk/rtc
[580.327629] RTC 2025-01-01 00:00:00 +0000

Console Device

Reading /dev/console with a 4 bytes buffer will return a character from the keyboard or the serial interface. Reading with a larger buffer will return a complete line.

Keyboard devices

Reading /dev/kbd/buffer will pop and return the earliest keyboard scancode in the buffer if present.

Reading the current keyboard layout:

> read /dev/kbd/layout
qwerty

Changing the keyboard layout:

> print dvorak => /dev/kbd/layout

Network Devices

Network Config Devices

The prefered way to setup the network is to use the dhcp command:

> dhcp
[958.810995] NET IP 10.0.2.15/24
[958.812995] NET GW 10.0.2.2
[958.818994] NET DNS 10.0.2.3

But it is possible to do it manually with the /dev/net/ip and /dev/net/gw device files, and the /ini/dns.ini configuration file:

> print 10.0.2.15/24 => /dev/net/ip
[975.123511] NET IP 10.0.2.15/24

> print 10.0.2.2 => /dev/net/gw
[985.646908] NET GW 10.0.2.2

> print "dns = 10.0.2.3" => /ini/dns.ini

Reading /dev/net/mac will return the MAC address:

> read /dev/net/mac
52-54-00-12-34-56

Network Statistics Device

Reading /dev/net/stat will return the network statistics:

> read /dev/net/stat
label packets bytes
rx 0 0
tx 0 0

> dhcp
[7.910795] NET IP 10.0.2.15/24
[7.911795] NET GW 10.0.2.2
[7.915795] NET DNS 10.0.2.3

> read /dev/net/stat
label packets bytes
rx 2 1180
tx 2 620

> http example.com => /dev/null

> read /dev/net/stat
label packets bytes
rx 10 3306
tx 10 1151

Network Socket Devices

Opening /dev/net/tcp or /dev/net/udp with the OPEN syscall and the device flag will return a file handle for a TCP or UDP socket supporting the standard READ and WRITE syscalls after establishing a connection using the CONNECT, or LISTEN and ACCEPT syscalls.

The size of those files give the maximum size of the buffer that can be used when reading or writing to a socket:

> list /dev/net
1446 2024-09-28 09:57:55 tcp
1458 2024-09-28 09:57:55 udp

Reading a socket with a 1 byte buffer will return the status of the socket:

+-----+--------------+
| Bit | Status       |
+-----+--------------+
|  0  | Is Listening |
|  1  | Is Active    |
|  2  | Is Open      |
|  3  | Can Send     |
|  4  | May Send     |
|  5  | Can Recv     |
|  6  | May Recv     |
|  7  | Reserved     |
+-----+--------------+

Speaker Device

Playing a 440 Hz sound on the PC speaker:

> print 440 => /dev/speaker

Stopping the sound:

> print 0 => /dev/speaker

Null Device

Writing to /dev/null will discard any data sent to it:

> print hello
hello

> print hello => /dev/null

It can be used to suppress errors:

> copy none.txt some.txt
Error: Could not read file 'none.txt'

> copy none.txt some.txt [2]=> /dev/null

Random Device

Reading from /dev/random will return bytes from a cryptographically secure random number generator that uses the HC-128 algorithm seeded from the RDRAND instruction when available.

VGA Devices

VGA Font Device

Changing the VGA font:

> copy /ini/fonts/zap-light-8x16.psf /dev/vga/font

VGA Mode Device

Changing the VGA mode:

> print 320x200 => /dev/vga/mode

The accepted modes are:

  • 80x25 for the primary text mode with 16 colors
  • 320x200 for the primary graphics mode with 256 colors
  • 640x480 for the secondary graphics mode with 16 colors

It is possible to read the current mode from this device file.

VGA Palette Device

Changing the VGA palette is done by writting a 768 bytes buffer to /dev/vga/palette containing the RGB values of 256 colors.

It is possible to read the current palette from this device file.

VGA Buffer Device

Changing the VGA framebuffer is done by writting a 64 KB buffer to /dev/vga/buffer containing the color index of each pixel on the screen while in 320x200 mode.