yarl

The module provides handy URL class for URL parsing and changing.

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Introduction

Url is constructed from str:

.. code-block:: pycon

from yarl import URL url = URL('https://www.python.org/~guido?arg=1#frag') url URL('https://www.python.org/~guido?arg=1#frag')

All url parts: scheme, user, password, host, port, path, query and fragment are accessible by properties:

.. code-block:: pycon

url.scheme 'https' url.host 'www.python.org' url.path '/~guido' url.query_string 'arg=1' url.query <MultiDictProxy('arg': '1')> url.fragment 'frag'

All url manipulations produce a new url object:

.. code-block:: pycon

url = URL('https://www.python.org') url / 'foo' / 'bar' URL('https://www.python.org/foo/bar') url / 'foo' % {'bar': 'baz'} URL('https://www.python.org/foo?bar=baz')

Strings passed to constructor and modification methods are automatically encoded giving canonical representation as result:

.. code-block:: pycon

url = URL('https://www.python.org/шлях') url URL('https://www.python.org/%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85')

Regular properties are percent-decoded, use raw_ versions for getting encoded strings:

.. code-block:: pycon

url.path '/шлях'

url.raw_path '/%D1%88%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85'

Human readable representation of URL is available as .human_repr():

.. code-block:: pycon

url.human_repr() 'https://www.python.org/шлях'

For full documentation please read https://yarl.aio-libs.org.

Installation

::

$ pip install yarl

The library is Python 3 only!

PyPI contains binary wheels for Linux, Windows and MacOS. If you want to install yarl on another operating system where wheels are not provided, the tarball will be used to compile the library from the source code. It requires a C compiler and and Python headers installed.

To skip the compilation you must explicitly opt-in by using a PEP 517 configuration setting pure-python, or setting the YARL_NO_EXTENSIONS environment variable to a non-empty value, e.g.:

.. code-block:: console

$ pip install yarl --config-settings=pure-python=false

Please note that the pure-Python (uncompiled) version is much slower. However, PyPy always uses a pure-Python implementation, and, as such, it is unaffected by this variable.

Dependencies

YARL requires multidict_ and propcache_ libraries.

API documentation

The documentation is located at https://yarl.aio-libs.org.

Why isn't boolean supported by the URL query API?

There is no standard for boolean representation of boolean values.

Some systems prefer true/false, others like yes/no, on/off, Y/N, 1/0, etc.

yarl cannot make an unambiguous decision on how to serialize bool values because it is specific to how the end-user's application is built and would be different for different apps. The library doesn't accept booleans in the API; a user should convert bools into strings using own preferred translation protocol.

Comparison with other URL libraries

• furl (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/furl)

  The library has rich functionality but the furl object is mutable.

  I'm afraid to pass this object into foreign code: who knows if the code will modify my url in a terrible way while I just want to send URL with handy helpers for accessing URL properties.

  furl has other non-obvious tricky things but the main objection is mutability.

• URLObject (https://pypi.python.org/pypi/URLObject)

  URLObject is immutable, that's pretty good.

  Every URL change generates a new URL object.

  But the library doesn't do any decode/encode transformations leaving the end user to cope with these gory details.

Source code

The project is hosted on GitHub_

Please file an issue on the bug tracker <https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl/issues>_ if you have found a bug or have some suggestion in order to improve the library.

Discussion list

aio-libs google group: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/aio-libs

Feel free to post your questions and ideas here.

Authors and License

The yarl package is written by Andrew Svetlov.

It's Apache 2 licensed and freely available.

.. _GitHub: https://github.com/aio-libs/yarl

.. _multidict: https://github.com/aio-libs/multidict

.. _propcache: https://github.com/aio-libs/propcache