Enigma Python library

About

Welcome to enigmapython, a Python package designed to emulate the legendary Enigma cryptographic machine used during World War II. enigmapython provides a faithful implementation of the Enigma machine, allowing users to explore and understand the workings of this historic device.

This project is listed on Wikipedia as a globally recognized Enigma machine simulator, noted for its historical accuracy.

Key Features

• Flexible Configuration: enigmapython allows customization of the Enigma machine configuration, enabling users to experiment with different rotor settings, reflectors, and ring positions.
• Easy Extension: enigmapython is designed to be easily extensible, allowing developers to add new features or enhance the existing implementation.
• Simple yet faithful: don't be fooled by its simplicity; enigmapython implements 100% the algorithms of many Enigma machine models, allowing to decode a message that has been encoded by a real Enigma machine and also the contrary.

Enigma mechanics

For a detailed description of the rotor movement and stepping logic, including pseudocode, please refer to the Enigma Mechanics documentation.

Historical Accuracy & Verification

enigmapython is rigorously tested against authentic historical data to ensure maximum accuracy.

• Authentic German Army Test Message from 1930: Documented by Frode Weierud's CryptoCellar, this test validates that the Enigma I implementation correctly handles the complex interaction of rotors, ring settings, and plugboard connections exactly as the original machines did. See the corresponding unit test for details.
• Authentic U-534 M4 Message P1030700: A message from the U-534 submarine (May 1945), validating the Enigma M4 implementation (including the Greek rotor and thin reflector) against historical intercepts. See the corresponding unit test for details.

Machines implementations

The following Enigma machine models (along with their rotors, reflectors and plugboards) have been implemented:

Enigma B (Sweden, s/n: A-133)*

Scrambler	Wiring	Turnover	Implemented
ETW (passthrough)	abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvxyzåäö	N/A	✅
Rotor I	psbgöxqjdhoäucfrtezvåinlymka	ä	✅
Rotor II	chnsyöadmotrzxbäigåekqupflvj	ä	✅
Rotor III	åvqiaäxrjbözspcfyunthdomekgl	ä	✅
Reflector UKW	ldgbäncpskjavfzhxuiårmqöotey	N/A	✅

*given the rarity of this model and the little documentation/simulators available, although I expect an encryption consistency on par with newer models, I was unable to test it as I would have liked

Enigma K (Commercial Enigma)

Scrambler	Wiring	Turnover	Implemented
ETW "QWERTZ"	qwertzuioasdfghjkpyxcvbnml	N/A	✅
Rotor I	lpgszmhaeoqkvxrfybutnicjdw	y	✅
Rotor II	slvgbtfxjqohewirzyamkpcndu	e	✅
Rotor III	cjgdpshkturawzxfmynqobvlie	n	✅
Reflector UKW	imetcgfraysqbzxwlhkdvupojn	N/A	✅

Enigma K Swiss

Scrambler	Wiring	Turnover	Implemented
ETW "QWERTZ"	qwertzuioasdfghjkpyxcvbnml	N/A	✅
Rotor I	pezuohxscvfmtbglrinqjwaydk	y	✅
Rotor II	zouesydkfwpciqxhmvblgnjrat	e	✅
Rotor III	ehrvxgaobqusimzflynwktpdjc	n	✅
Reflector UKW	imetcgfraysqbzxwlhkdvupojn	N/A	✅

Enigma D (Commercial Enigma)

Scrambler	Wiring	Turnover	Implemented
ETW "QWERTZ"	qwertzuioasdfghjkpyxcvbnml	N/A	✅
Rotor I	lpgszmhaeoqkvxrfybutnicjdw	z*	✅
Rotor II	slvgbtfxjqohewirzyamkpcndu	z*	✅
Rotor III	cjgdpshkturawzxfmynqobvlie	z*	✅
Reflector UKW	imetcgfraysqbzxwlhkdvupojn	N/A	✅

*Enigma D rotor turnover happens at Z when ringstellung is 0 (A), otherwise turnover position is calculated using the formula turnover = (ringstellung + 1) % 26.

Enigma Z (Z30 Mark I)*

Compared to the other machine models, this one encrypts numbers instead of letters.

Scrambler	Wiring	Turnover	Implemented
ETW (passthrough)	1234567890	N/A	✅
Rotor I	6418270359	9	✅
Rotor II	5841097632	9	✅
Rotor III	3581620794	9	✅
Reflector UKW	5079183642	N/A	✅

*given the rarity of this model and the little documentation/simulators available, although I expect an encryption consistency on par with newer models, I was unable to test it as I would have liked

Enigma I

Scrambler	Wiring	Turnover	Implemented
Plugboard (passthrough+swappable)	N/A	N/A	✅
ETW (passthrough)	abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz	N/A	✅
Rotor I	ekmflgdqvzntowyhxuspaibrcj	q	✅
Rotor II	ajdksiruxblhwtmcqgznpyfvoe	e	✅
Rotor III	bdfhjlcprtxvznyeiwgakmusqo	v	✅
Reflector A	ejmzalyxvbwfcrquontspikhgd	N/A	✅
Reflector B	yruhqsldpxngokmiebfzcwvjat	N/A	✅
Reflector C	fvpjiaoyedrzxwgctkuqsbnmhl	N/A	✅

Enigma I Norway (Norenigma)

Scrambler	Wiring	Turnover	Implemented
Plugboard (passthrough+swappable)	N/A	N/A	✅
ETW (passthrough)	abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz	N/A	✅
Rotor I	wtokasuyvrbxjhqcpzefmdinlg	q	✅
Rotor II	gjlpubswemctqvhxaofzdrkyni	e	✅
Rotor III	jwfmhnbpusdytixvzgrqlaoekc	v	✅
Rotor IV	fgzjmvxepbwshqtliudykcnrao	j	✅
Rotor V	hejxqotzbvfdascilwpgynmurk	z	✅
Reflector UKW	mowjypuxndsraibfvlkzgqchet	N/A	✅

Enigma I Sondermaschine (special machine)

Scrambler	Wiring	Turnover	Implemented
Plugboard (passthrough+swappable)	N/A	N/A	✅
ETW (passthrough)	abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz	N/A	✅
Rotor I	veosirzujdqckgwypnxaflthmb	q	✅
Rotor II	uemoatqlshpkcyfwjzbgvxidnr	e	✅
Rotor III	tzhxmbsipnurjfdkeqvcwglaoy	v	✅
Reflector UKW	ciagsndrbytpzfulvhekoqxwjm	N/A	✅

Enigma M3

Scrambler	Wiring	Turnover	Implemented
Plugboard (passthrough+swappable)	N/A	N/A	✅
ETW (passthrough)	abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz	N/A	✅
Rotor I	ekmflgdqvzntowyhxuspaibrcj	q	✅
Rotor II	ajdksiruxblhwtmcqgznpyfvoe	e	✅
Rotor III	bdfhjlcprtxvznyeiwgakmusqo	v	✅
Rotor IV	esovpzjayquirhxlnftgkdcmwb	j	✅
Rotor V	vzbrgityupsdnhlxawmjqofeck	z	✅
Rotor VI	jpgvoumfyqbenhzrdkasxlictw	m, z	✅
Rotor VII	nzjhgrcxmyswboufaivlpekqdt	m, z	✅
Rotor VIII	fkqhtlxocbjspdzramewniuygv	m, z	✅
Reflector B	yruhqsldpxngokmiebfzcwvjat	N/A	✅
Reflector C	fvpjiaoyedrzxwgctkuqsbnmhl	N/A	✅

Enigma M4

Scrambler	Wiring	Turnover	Implemented
Plugboard (passthrough+swappable)	N/A	N/A	✅
ETW (passthrough)	abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz	N/A	✅
Rotor I	ekmflgdqvzntowyhxuspaibrcj	q	✅
Rotor II	ajdksiruxblhwtmcqgznpyfvoe	e	✅
Rotor III	bdfhjlcprtxvznyeiwgakmusqo	v	✅
Rotor IV	esovpzjayquirhxlnftgkdcmwb	j	✅
Rotor V	vzbrgityupsdnhlxawmjqofeck	z	✅
Rotor VI	jpgvoumfyqbenhzrdkasxlictw	m, z	✅
Rotor VII	nzjhgrcxmyswboufaivlpekqdt	m, z	✅
Rotor VIII	fkqhtlxocbjspdzramewniuygv	m, z	✅
Beta	leyjvcnixwpbqmdrtakzgfuhos	N/A	✅
Gamma	fsokanuerhmbtiycwlqpzxvgjd	N/A	✅
Reflector B Thin	enkqauywjicopblmdxzvfthrgs	N/A	✅
Reflector C Thin	rdobjntkvehmlfcwzaxgyipsuq	N/A	✅

Custom Machine

Scrambler	Wiring	Turnover	Implemented
Plugboard (passthrough+swappable)	N/A	N/A	✅
ETW (Entry Wheel)	Custom	N/A	✅
Rotor	Custom	Custom	✅
Reflector	Custom	N/A	✅

You can create a fully customized Enigma machine by instantiating the base components manually. This allows you to define custom alphabets, wirings, and turnover positions.

from enigmapython.Enigma import Enigma
from enigmapython.Rotor import Rotor
from enigmapython.Reflector import Reflector
from enigmapython.SwappablePlugboard import SwappablePlugboard
from enigmapython.Etw import Etw
from enigmapython.Alphabets import Alphabets

# 1. Define alphabet
alphabet = Alphabets.lookup.get("latin_i18n_26chars_lowercase")

# 2. Create custom rotors
# Parameters: wiring, turnover_indexes, alphabet, initial_position, ring_setting
rotor1 = Rotor("ekmflgdqvzntowyhxuspaibrcj", [16], alphabet, 0, 0) # Turnover at 'q'
rotor2 = Rotor("ajdksiruxblhwtmcqgznpyfvoe", [4], alphabet, 0, 0)  # Turnover at 'e'
rotor3 = Rotor("bdfhjlcprtxvznyeiwgakmusqo", [21], alphabet, 0, 0) # Turnover at 'v'

# 3. Create custom reflector
reflector = Reflector("yruhqsldpxngokmiebfzcwvjat", alphabet)

# 4. Create other components
# Swappable plugboard allows you to connect pairs of letters
plugboard = SwappablePlugboard(alphabet=alphabet)
plugboard.swap("a", "z") # Example: swap 'a' with 'z'

etw = Etw(alphabet, alphabet) # Passthrough ETW using alphabet as wiring

# 5. Assemble the Enigma machine
engine = Enigma(plugboard, [rotor1, rotor2, rotor3], reflector, etw, auto_increment_rotors=True, alphabet=alphabet)

# 6. Encrypt/Decrypt
cipher = engine.input_string("hello")
print(f"Ciphertext: {cipher}") # Outputs: mfnca

Prerequisites

• Python 3.11
• Clone this repo, checkout the desired branch/tag and install requirements (pip install -r requirements.txt) or directly from PyPI using pip install enigmapython

Getting started

Get started by installing the package from PyPI (pip install enigmapython) and exploring the examples in the examples folder.

Documentation

Full API documentation is available on ReadTheDocs.

For additional details, you can also refer to the local documentation, examples, and code comments.

Known implementations

Here's a list containing all the known Enigma simulators that use the enigmapython API.

• Enigma TUI. Enigma TUI is a Terminal User Interface for Enigma machines, allowing you to simulate different Enigma machine models from the terminal. It employs enigmapython as Enigma engine.

• MicroPython Enigma Python. MicroPython Enigma Python is a side project to bring Enigma Python library also on ambedded devices which runs MicroPython. It has been referenced on https://awesome-micropython.com/#historical, a curated list of the best MicroPython libraries, in the Cryptography/Historical section.

• Retrocampus BBS Enigma simulator. When connected to the BBS, type E to access an Enigma I cypher machine whose backend is based on enigmapython.

In the case you leveraged enigmapython API in a project, either public or not, drop me an email at denis.maggiorotto[at]gmail.com and I'll be happy to list you here.

Credits/references

• Early days experiments with Python and Enigma (where this repo comes from) can be found at: https://github.com/denismaggior8/enigma-cypher

• Rotors wirings have been taken from Crypto Museum at this link https://www.cryptomuseum.com/crypto/enigma/wiring.htm

• Thanks to

  • Piotte13 https://piotte13.github.io/enigma-cipher/
  • Cryptii https://cryptii.com
  • PyEnigma https://pypi.org/project/pyenigma/
  • 101 computing https://www.101computing.net/enigma-machine-emulator/
  • DenCode Enigma simulator https://dencode.com/cipher/enigma
  • Enigma simulation in Javascript/HTML by Daniel Palloks https://people.physik.hu-berlin.de/~palloks/js/enigma/index_en.html
  • Enigma B A133 simulation in Javascript/HTML by Daniel Palloks https://people.physik.hu-berlin.de/~palloks/js/enigma/enigma-a133_v261_en.html
  • Enigma Z simulation in Javascript/HTML by Daniel Palloks https://people.physik.hu-berlin.de/~palloks/js/enigma/enigma-z_v262b_en.html

  for having helped me testing the correctness of the generated ciphertexts

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