Today's Tutorial [September 25, 2026]

September 27, 2026 · View on GitHub

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IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH THESE TERMS, DO NOT USE THIS REPOSITORY AND COURSE.

FREE Reverse Engineering Self-Study Course HERE

Today's Tutorial [September 25, 2026]

Lesson 306: Embedded Hacking Course (Chapter 24: Debugging Constants)

This chapter covers debugging constants as well as an intro to I2C as we work a 1602 LCD as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Embedded Hacking

A FREE comprehensive step-by-step embedded hacking course covering Embedded Software Development to Reverse Engineering.

VIDEO PROMO HERE

FREE Book Download

Required Skills

Students must have a working understanding of the following items:

Intermediate C Programming: In particular, you must understand how pointers reference memory addresses which we will use to perform live variable hijacking.
- Training Link HERE
Bare-Metal Embedded Systems Assembly Basics: You must have experience with bare-metal assembly as we will be using this extensively throughout the entire course specifically with GDB and Ghidra.
- Training Link HERE
Computer Architecture Basics (Registers & Stack): You need a working mental model of how a CPU/MCU uses registers and the stack to follow the boot process and function calls.
- Training Link HERE
- Training Link HERE
Command Line Interface (CLI) Proficiency: You must be comfortable navigating directories and executing commands in a terminal to run the necessary OpenOCD and GDB tools.
- Training Link HERE
Breadboarding Proficiency: You must be comfortable demonstrating breadboard proficiency by efficiently prototyping circuits and integrating diverse peripherals, sensors, and microcontrollers.
- Training Video HERE

Hardware

Reference Diagrams & Schematics

Required Components & Sensors

The following hardware parts and sensors are used throughout the course experiments, projects, and live CTFs:

Breadboard Design

Datasheets & References

This repository includes the complete set of authoritative technical reference manuals and datasheets required for professional embedded engineering and reverse engineering on the Raspberry Pi Pico 2:

RP2350 Datasheet

RP2350 Datasheet: A microcontroller by Raspberry Pi (1,380 pages)

Core Architecture: Dual Arm Cortex-M33 / Hazard3 RISC-V processors running up to 150MHz, 520kB on-chip SRAM across 10 striped banks, and 8kB one-time-programmable (OTP) storage.
System Memory Map (Chapter 2): Complete physical address map covering external XIP Flash (0x10000000), SRAM (0x20000000), APB/AHB peripherals (0x40000000), and core-local Single-Cycle I/O (0xd0000000).
Peripheral Register Definitions: Exhaustive register layouts, reset states, and bitfield descriptions for all 52 peripherals: IO_BANK0 (pin multiplexing & FUNCSEL), PADS_BANK0 (electrical drive strength, pulls, and Schmitt triggers), UART0/UART1, SPI0/SPI1, I2C0/I2C1, PWM, DMA, CLOCKS, and WATCHDOG.
Programmable I/O (PIO): Comprehensive architectural guide for the 3 on-chip PIO blocks (PIO0, PIO1, PIO2) with 12 state machines for deterministic, high-speed custom hardware protocols.
Fast GPIO Coprocessor: Hardware specification for single-cycle atomic GPIO output and direction control via dedicated ARM coprocessor instructions (mcrr p0).
Bootrom & Hardware Security: Covers the internal mask ROM boot flow, secure boot signature verification, SHA-256 cryptographic accelerator, and OTP key protection.

Raspberry Pi Pico C/C++ SDK

Raspberry Pi Pico-series C/C++ SDK: Libraries and tools for development (821 pages)

SDK Architecture & Build System: CMake configuration, target library linking (pico_stdlib, hardware_gpio), compiler flags, and the UF2 binary packaging workflow.
Hardware Drivers (hardware_*): Low-level driver API documentation:
- hardware_gpio: Functions like gpio_init(), gpio_set_dir(), gpio_put(), gpio_get(), and hardware pin interrupt handling.
- hardware_uart: Serial communication initialization (uart_init(), baud rate dividers, FIFO handling).
- hardware_dma: Channel configuration, transfer sizing, and background memory pacing.
- hardware_clocks & hardware_resets: PLL frequency configuration and peripheral unreset sequencing.
High-Level Runtimes (pico_*): Standard I/O stream redirection (stdio_init_all() over UART/USB CDC), multicore core 1 launching (pico_multicore), sleep timers, and thread synchronization.
Hardware Structs (hardware_structs): C struct definitions matching chip MMIO registers 1-to-1, used by reverse engineers to reconstruct decompiled peripheral accesses.

Arm Cortex-M33 Technical Reference Manual

Arm® Cortex®-M33 Processor Technical Reference Manual (Doc ID: 100230_0100_03_en, 168 pages)

Core Microarchitecture: 3-stage in-order pipeline, Harvard bus architecture (instruction and data buses), integer execution core, and optional IEEE 754 single/double-precision floating-point unit (FPU).
Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller (NVIC): Interrupt priorities, exception vector table mapping, low-latency interrupt entry, and hardware tail-chaining mechanics.
Memory Protection & TrustZone: Memory Protection Unit (MPU) supporting up to 16 configurable regions, and Security Attribution Unit (SAU) for hardware-enforced Secure vs Non-secure domain isolation.
CoreSight Debug & Trace: Debug Access Port (DAP) used by OpenOCD and the Raspberry Pi Debug Probe, Flash Patch and Breakpoint unit (FPB), Data Watchpoint and Trace (DWT), and Instrumentation Trace Macrocell (ITM).
Coprocessor Interface: Bus architecture connecting hardware accelerators directly to the core (utilized by the RP2350 for single-cycle GPIO and math acceleration).

Armv8-M Architecture Reference Manual (DDI0553B)

Armv8-M Architecture Reference Manual (Doc ID: DDI0553B, 2,149 pages)

Authoritative Instruction Set Reference (Section C2.4, Pages 527–1454): Complete alphabetical encyclopedia of every assembly instruction supported by the RP2350 Cortex-M33:
- Data processing: MOV, MOVS, MVN, ADD, SUB, MUL, SDIV, UDIV, AND, ORR, EOR, BIC.
- Memory load/store: LDR, STR, LDRB, STRB, LDRH, STRH, LDRD, STRD, LDM, STM, PUSH, POP.
- Control flow: B, BL, BX, BLX, CBZ, CBNZ, TBB, TBH.
- Coprocessor instructions: MCR, MRC, MCRR, MRRC (used by the RP2350 fast GPIO block).
- Floating-point instructions: VMOV, VADD, VSUB, VMUL, VDIV, VCMP, VMRS, VMSR.
Machine Opcode Encodings: Exact 16-bit Thumb and 32-bit Thumb-2 binary bit patterns for every instruction, essential for binary patching and shellcode analysis.
Programmer's Model: General-purpose registers (r0–r12), Stack Pointers (SP/MSP/PSP), Link Register (LR), Program Counter (PC), Status Registers (APSR, IPSR, EPSR, xPSR), and Special Registers (CONTROL, PRIMASK).
Exception Mechanics: Hardware state stacking upon exception entry (r0-r3, r12, lr, pc, xPSR), EXC_RETURN values, and fault analysis (HardFault, MemManage, BusFault, UsageFault).

Procedure Call Standard for the Arm Architecture (AAPCS32)

Procedure Call Standard for the Arm® Architecture (AAPCS32 / ABI, 41 pages)

Register Allocation Contract: Defines caller and callee responsibilities across function calls:
- Parameter passing: r0–r3 pass the first four 32-bit parameters (or 64-bit pairs like r0-r1 and r2-r3). Additional parameters are pushed to the stack.
- Return values: r0 returns 32-bit scalar values; r0-r1 returns 64-bit integers and 64-bit IEEE 754 double floats.
- Scratch / Caller-Saved registers: r0–r3, r12 (IP), and r14 (LR) can be freely overwritten by called functions.
- Preserved / Callee-Saved registers: r4–r11 must be preserved across function calls (saved via push in prologue and restored via pop in epilogue).
Floating-Point ABI: Register allocation for hardware VFP registers (s0–s15, d0–d7) vs software floating-point library calls.
Data Alignment & Struct Packing: Alignment rules (1, 2, 4, 8 bytes), structure member padding, and composite type memory layouts.

ARM Application Note 132 (advnote132)

ABI Advisory Note – SP must be 8-byte aligned on entry to AAPCS-conforming functions (10 pages)

The 8-Byte Stack Alignment Rule: Mandates that the Stack Pointer (SP) must be aligned to an 8-byte (doubleword) boundary at all public function call interfaces.
Why Unaligned Stacks Fail: 64-bit memory operations (LDRD, STRD) and double-precision floating-point operations require 8-byte alignment; misaligned stacks trigger hardware alignment faults or severe memory bus performance penalties.
Prologue Disassembly Deconstruction: Explains why compiler-generated assembly frequently emits push {r4, lr} (saving two 32-bit registers) even when r4 is completely unused—the extra register push serves as deliberate padding to keep SP strictly 8-byte aligned!

Syllabus

Week 1

Introduction and Overview of Embedded Reverse Engineering: Ethics, Scoping, and Basic Concepts

Week 1 Slides HERE

Week 1 Notebook HERE

Week 1a Notebook HERE

Chapter 1: hello, world

This chapter covers the basics of setting up a dev environment and basic template firmware for the Pico 2 MCU in addition to printing hello, world.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 2: Debugging hello, world

This chapter covers the debugging of our firmware for the Pico 2 MCU hello, world program.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Week 2

Hello, World - Debugging and Hacking Basics: Debugging and Hacking a Basic Program for the Pico 2

Week 2 Slides HERE

Week 2 Notebook HERE

Chapter 3: Hacking hello, world

This chapter covers the hacking of our firmware for the Pico 2 MCU hello, world program.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Week 3

Embedded System Analysis: Understanding the RP2350 Architecture w/ Comprehensive Firmware Analysis

Week 3 Slides HERE

Week 3 Notebook HERE

Ghidra Patching Tutorial HERE

CTF-01 Instructions HERE

CTF-01 Rubric HERE

CTF-01 Solution HERE

CTF-01 BIN HERE

CTF-01 UF2 HERE

Chapter 4: Embedded System Analysis

This chapter covers a comprehensive embedded system analysis reviewing parts of the RP2350 datasheet and helpful firmware analysis tools.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Week 4

Variables in Embedded Systems: Debugging and Hacking Variables w/ GPIO Output Basics

Week 4 Slides HERE

Week 4 Notebook HERE

Week 4a Notebook HERE

Chapter 5: Intro To Variables

This chapter covers an introduction to variables as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 6: Debugging Intro To Variables

This chapter covers debugging an introduction to variables as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 7: Hacking Intro To Variables

This chapter covers hacking an introduction to variables as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 8: Uninitialized Variables

This chapter covers uninitialized variables as well as an intro to GPIO outputs as we blink an LED as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 9: Debugging Uninitialized Variables

This chapter covers debugging uninitialized variables as well as an intro to GPIO outputs as we blink an LED as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 10: Hacking Uninitialized Variables

This chapter covers hacking uninitialized variables as well as an intro to GPIO outputs as we blink an LED as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Week 5

Integers and Floats in Embedded Systems: Debugging and Hacking Integers and Floats w/ Intermediate GPIO Output Assembler Analysis

Week 5 Slides HERE

Week 5 Notebook HERE

Week 5a Notebook HERE

Chapter 11: Integer Data Type

This chapter covers the integer data type in addition to a deeper assembler dive into GPIO outputs as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 12: Debugging Integer Data Type

This chapter covers debugging the integer data type in addition to a deeper assembler dive into GPIO outputs as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 13: Hacking Integer Data Type

This chapter covers hacking the integer data type in addition to a deeper assembler dive into GPIO outputs as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 14: Floating-Point Data Type

This chapter covers the floating-point data type as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 15: Debugging Floating-Point Data Type

This chapter covers debugging the floating-point data type as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 16: Hacking Floating-Point Data Type

This chapter covers hacking the floating-point data type as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 17: Double Floating-Point Data Type

This chapter covers the double floating-point data type as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 18: Debugging Double Floating-Point Data Type

This chapter covers debugging the double floating-point data type as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 19: Hacking Double Floating-Point Data Type

This chapter covers hacking the double floating-point data type as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Week 6

Static Variables in Embedded Systems: Debugging and Hacking Static Variables w/ GPIO Input Basics

Week 6 Slides HERE

Week 6 Notebook HERE

Classified Brief 0x01 HERE

GDB Hardware Debugging Tutorial HERE

Ghidra Reversing Tutorial HERE

Classified Brief 0x01 Patched BIN HERE

Classified Brief 0x01 Patched UF2 HERE

Classified Brief 0x01 BIN HERE

Classified Brief 0x01 UF2 HERE

Float/Hex Converter Tool HERE

Telemetry Monitor Tool HERE

Chapter 20: Static Variables

This chapter covers static variables as well as an intro to GPIO inputs as we work with push buttons as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 21: Debugging Static Variables

This chapter covers debugging static variables as well as an intro to GPIO inputs as we work with push buttons as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 22: Hacking Static Variables

This chapter covers hacking static variables as well as an intro to GPIO inputs as we work with push buttons as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Week 7

Constants in Embedded Systems: Debugging and Hacking Constants w/ 1602 LCD I2C Basics

Week 7 Slides HERE

Week 7 Notebook HERE

Chapter 23: Constants

This chapter covers constants as well as an intro to I2C as we work a 1602 LCD as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 24: Debugging Constants

This chapter covers debugging constants as well as an intro to I2C as we work a 1602 LCD as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 25: Hacking Constants

This chapter covers hacking constants as well as an intro to I2C as we work a 1602 LCD as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Week 8

Midterm Exam

CTF-02 Instructions HERE

CTF-02 Rubric HERE

CTF-02 Solution HERE

CTF-02 BIN HERE

CTF-02 UF2 HERE

Week 9

Operators in Embedded Systems: Debugging and Hacking Operators w/ DHT11 Temperature & Humidity Sensor Single-Wire Protocol Basics

Week 9 Slides HERE

Week 9 Notebook HERE

Chapter 26: Operators

This chapter covers operators as well as an intro to single-wire protocol as we work a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 27: Debugging Operators

This chapter covers debugging operators as well as an intro to single-wire protocol as we work a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 28: Hacking Operators

This chapter covers hacking operators as well as an intro to single-wire protocol as we work a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Week 10

Conditionals in Embedded Systems: Debugging and Hacking Static & Dynamic Conditionals w/ SG90 Servo Motor PWM Basics

Week 10 Slides HERE

Week 10 Notebook HERE

Chapter 29: Static Conditionals

This chapter covers static conditionals as well as an intro to PWM as we work a SG90 servo motor as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 30: Debugging Static Conditionals

This chapter covers debugging static conditionals as well as an intro to PWM as we work a SG90 servo motor as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 31: Hacking Static Conditionals

This chapter covers hacking static conditionals as well as an intro to PWM as we work a SG90 servo motor as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 32: Dynamic Conditionals

This chapter covers dynamic conditionals as well as additional PWM examples as we work a SG90 servo motor as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 33: Debugging Dynamic Conditionals

This chapter covers debugging dynamic conditionals as well as additional PWM examples as we work a SG90 servo motor as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 34: Hacking Dynamic Conditionals

This chapter covers hacking dynamic conditionals as well as additional PWM examples as we work a SG90 servo motor as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Week 11

Structures and Functions in Embedded Systems: Debugging and Hacking w/ IR Remote Control and NEC Protocol Basics

Week 11 Slides HERE

Week 11 Notebook HERE

Chapter 35: Structures

This chapter covers structures as well as an intro to infrared basics as we work a infrared receiver and infrared remote controller as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 36: Debugging Structures

This chapter covers debugging structures as well as an intro to infrared basics as we work a infrared receiver and infrared remote controller as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 37: Hacking Structures

This chapter covers hacking structures as well as an intro to infrared basics as we work a infrared receiver and infrared remote controller as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 38: Functions, w/ Param, w/ Return

This chapter covers functions, w/ params and w/ a return value as well as additional infrared examples as we work a infrared receiver and infrared remote controller it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 39: Debugging Functions, w/ Param, w/ Return

This chapter covers debugging functions, w/ params and w/ a return value as well as additional infrared examples as we work a infrared receiver and infrared remote controller as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Chapter 40: Hacking Functions, w/ Param, w/ Return

This chapter covers hacking functions, w/ params and w/ a return value as it relates to embedded development on the Pico 2.

-> Click HERE to read the FREE pdf book.

Week 12

Unknown Firmware Debugging and Hacking

Week 13

Final Review – Embedded Debugging and Hacking Techniques w/ Advanced Firmware Analysis Q&A

Week 14

Final Projects

Final Project Option 1: The InfuSafe Pro Incident

In the aftermath of a catastrophic medical device failure, you are thrust into the role of an FDA forensic investigator facing an impossible crisis: 23 patients dead, 100 million recalled insulin pumps sitting in warehouses worldwide, and 2.3 million lives hanging in the balance all while the only evidence remaining is raw binary firmware after a rogue engineer destroyed every line of source code before fleeing to Montenegro. Armed only with GDB, Ghidra, and the reverse engineering skills honed over the first seven weeks of this course, you must excavate the truth from machine code, identify the lethal bugs spawned by an AI code generator called "OopsieGPT," and determine whether these devices can be salvaged to save millions in underserved communities or if $4.7 billion in humanitarian medical technology must be incinerated. This is not a simulation; this is triage at the intersection of embedded systems security and human survival.

Final Project Option 2: Operation Dark Eclipse

Forty-two stories beneath frozen tundra, a shadow intelligence alliance called Dark Eyes operates centrifuges enriching weapons-grade material for a first strike against Washington, D.C. and Agent NIGHTINGALE gave her life to extract the single firmware file that now sits before you. Conventional warfare cannot reach this fortress buried beneath rock and concrete, but you can: as the architect of a precision cyber weapon in the tradition of Stuxnet, you must reverse engineer the RP2350-based centrifuge controller, craft binary patches that double the spin speed while falsifying every sensor readout to show nominal operation, and execute the sabotage that will cascade-destroy their enrichment program and set their nuclear ambitions back a decade. Every skill from the entire semester ARM assembly, Ghidra analysis, IEEE-754 floating-point manipulation, branch modification, log desynchronization converges in this final mission. Agent NIGHTINGALE's seven-year-old daughter still watches the driveway, waiting for a mother who will never return. Honor that sacrifice. Complete the mission. Do not fail.

Supplemental Material (Beyond the Scope of the Course)

Pico 2 IoT Projects & CTFs & Pi 4B/5 Embedded Linux C IoT Project & CTF

Act I of OPERATION COLD IRON HERE

Act I of OPERATION COLD IRON CTF HERE

Act II of OPERATION COLD IRON HERE

Act II of OPERATION COLD IRON CTF HERE

Act III of OPERATION COLD IRON HERE

Act III of OPERATION COLD IRON CTF HERE

Act IV of OPERATION COLD IRON HERE

Act IV of OPERATION COLD IRON CTF HERE

Act V of OPERATION COLD IRON HERE

Act V of OPERATION COLD IRON CTF HERE

Act VI of OPERATION COLD IRON HERE

Act VI of OPERATION COLD IRON CTF HERE

Act VII of OPERATION COLD IRON HERE

Act VII of OPERATION COLD IRON CTF HERE

Act VIII of OPERATION COLD IRON HERE

Act VIII of OPERATION COLD IRON CTF HERE

Act IX of OPERATION COLD IRON HERE

Act IX of OPERATION COLD IRON CTF HERE

Act X of OPERATION COLD IRON HERE

Act X of OPERATION COLD IRON CTF HERE

OPERATION TELESCREEN HERE

OPERATION TELESCREEN CTF HERE

Pico 2 W C MeshCore Project

MeshCore Bare RP2350 HERE

Pico 2 Rust Tutorial

Chapter 1: What Is Embedded Rust?

This lesson will teach what embedded Rust is within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 2: Number Systems and Memory

This lesson will teach number systems and memory within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 3: Rust Essentials

This lesson will teach the Rust essentials within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 4: Ownership, Borrowing, and Lifetimes

This lesson will teach ownership, borrowing and lifetimes within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 5: Structs, Enums, and Pattern Matching

This lesson will teach structs, enums and pattern matching within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 6: Traits and Generics

This lesson will teach traits and generics within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 7: no_std and no_main

This lesson will teach no_std and no_main within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 8: Cargo, Targets, and the Toolchain

This lesson will teach cargo, targets and the toolchain within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 9: memory.x and the Linker Script

This lesson will teach the memory.x linker script within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 10: build.rs, Makefile, and Flashing

This lesson will teach the build.rs, Makefile and flashing process within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 11: Memory-Mapped I/O

This lesson will teach memory-mapped I/O within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 12: Real-Time and Concurrency

This lesson will teach real-time and concurrency within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 13: Futures and async/await

This lesson will teach futures and async/await within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 14: The Embassy Executor

This lesson will teach the Embassy executor within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 15: embassy-time

This lesson will teach embassy-time within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 16: The embassy-rp HAL

This lesson will teach the embassy-rp HAL within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 17: GPIO with embassy-rp

This lesson will teach GPIO with embassy-rp within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 18: Driver Architecture

This lesson will teach the driver architecture within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 19: config.rs — Blink Configuration

This lesson will teach the config.rs blink configuration within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 20: led.rs — The LED State Machine

This lesson will teach the led.rs LED state machine within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 21: main.rs — The Async Blink Loop

This lesson will teach the main.rs async blink loop within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 22: Button Hardware and Debouncing

This lesson will teach button hardware and debouncing within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 23: button.rs — The Button Controller

This lesson will teach the button.rs button controller within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 24: main.rs — The Button Polling Loop

This lesson will teach the main.rs button polling loop within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 25: Host Testing with cargo test

This lesson will teach host testing with cargo test within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 26: UART Fundamentals and the Echo Protocol

This lesson will teach UART fundamentals and the echo protocol within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 27: uart.rs — The Echo State Machine

This lesson will teach the uart.rs echo state machine within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 28: Interrupts and DMA — Interrupt-Driven UART

This lesson will teach interrupts and DMA interrupt-driven UART within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 29: main.rs — The UART Echo Loop

This lesson will teach the main.rs UART echo loop within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 30: The Complete Integration

This lesson will teach the complete integration within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Pico 2 Rust Drivers

UART Driver HERE

Blink Driver HERE

Button Driver HERE

Pico 2 ARM Assembler Tutorial

Chapter 1: What Is a Computer?

This lesson will teach you what is a computer with the fundamental model of computation that every computer shares with an intro to the RP2350 and ARM Cortex-M33.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 2: Number Systems — Binary, Hexadecimal, and Decimal

This lesson will teach the basics of the three main number systems which are decimal, binary and hexadecimal.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 3: Memory — Addresses, Bytes, Words, and Endianness

This lesson will teach the basics addresses, bytes, words and endianness within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 4: What Is a Register?

This lesson will teach the general purpose registers within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 5: Load-Store Architecture — How ARM Accesses Memory

This lesson will teach how ARM accesses memory with load and store architecture within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 6: The Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle in Detail

This lesson will teach the fetch and decode cycle in more detail within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 7: ARM Cortex-M33 ISA Overview

This lesson will teach the ARM Cortex-M33 ISA overview within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 8: ARM Immediate and Move Instructions

This lesson will teach ARM immediate and move instructions within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 9: ARM Arithmetic and Logic Instructions

This lesson will teach ARM arithmetic and logic instructions within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 10: ARM Memory Access Instructions

This lesson will teach ARM memory access instructions within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 11: ARM Branch Instructions

This lesson will teach ARM branch instructions within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 12: ARM Calls, Returns, and the Stack Frame

This lesson will teach ARM calls, returns and the stack frame within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 13: Assembler Directives

This lesson will teach assembler directives within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 14: Labels, Symbols, and the Symbol Table

This lesson will teach labels, symbols and the symbol table within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 15: Sections, Memory Layout, and the Linker Script

This lesson will teach sections, memory layout, and the linker script within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 16: System Registers and Coprocessor Interface

This lesson will teach system registers and coprocessor interface within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 17: Bit Manipulation Patterns

This lesson will teach bit manipulation patterns within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 18: RP2350 Hardware Architecture

This lesson will teach RP2350 hardware architecture within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 19: The Linker Script

This lesson will teach the linker script within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 20: The Build System

This lesson will teach the build system within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 21: image_def.s — The PICOBIN Boot Block

This lesson will teach the PICOBIN boot block within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 22: constants.s — Memory Addresses and Constants

This lesson will teach memory addresses and constants within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 23: vector_table.s and stack.s — Boot Foundation

This lesson will teach the boot foundation within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 24: reset_handler.s — The Boot Sequence

This lesson will teach the boot sequence within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 25: xosc.s — Crystal Oscillator and Clock Configuration

This lesson will teach the crystal oscillator and clock configuration within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 26: reset.s — Releasing Peripherals from Reset

This lesson will teach releasing peripherals from reset within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 27: gpio.s Part 1 — GPIO_Config

This lesson will teach GPIO config within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 28: gpio.s Part 2, delay.s, and coprocessor.s — Output Control and Timing

This lesson will teach output control and timing within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 29: main.s — The Blink Loop

This lesson will teach the blink loop within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 30: Full Integration — From Source to Blinking LED

This lesson will teach the full source to blinking LED within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Pico 2 ARM Assembler Drivers

UART Driver HERE

Blink Driver HERE

Button Driver HERE

Pico 2 RISC-V Assembler Tutorial

Chapter 1: What Is a Computer?

This lesson will teach you what is a computer with the fundamental model of computation that every computer shares with an intro to the RP2350 and RISC-V.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 2: Number Systems — Binary, Hexadecimal, and Decimal

This lesson will teach the basics of the three main number systems which are decimal, binary and hexadecimal.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 3: Memory — Addresses, Bytes, Words, and Endianness

This lesson will teach the basics of addresses, bytes, words and endianness within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 4: What Is a Register?

This lesson will teach the general purpose registers within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 5: Load-Store Architecture — How RISC-V Accesses Memory

This lesson will teach how RISC-V accesses memory with load and store architecture within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 6: The Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle in Detail

This lesson will teach the fetch, decode and execute cycle in detail within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 7: RISC-V Hazard3 ISA Overview

This lesson will teach the RISC-V Hazard3 ISA overview within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 8: RISC-V Immediate and Upper-Immediate Instructions

This lesson will teach RISC-V immediate and upper-immediate instructions within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 9: RISC-V Arithmetic and Logic Instructions

This lesson will teach RISC-V arithmetic and logic instructions within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 10: RISC-V Memory Access — Load and Store Deep Dive

This lesson will teach RISC-V memory access load and store instructions in deep detail within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 11: RISC-V Branch Instructions

This lesson will teach RISC-V branch instructions within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 12: RISC-V Jumps, Calls, and Returns

This lesson will teach RISC-V jumps, calls and returns within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 13: RISC-V Pseudo-Instructions

This lesson will teach RISC-V pseudo-instructions within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 14: Assembler Directives

This lesson will teach assembler directives within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 15: Calling Convention and Stack Frames

This lesson will teach the calling convention and stack frames within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 16: Bitwise Operations for Hardware Programming

This lesson will teach bitwise operations for hardware programming within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 17: Memory-Mapped I/O

This lesson will teach memory-mapped I/O within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 18: The RP2350 — Architecture and Hardware

This lesson will teach the RP2350 architecture and hardware within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 19: The Linker Script — Placing Code in Memory

This lesson will teach the linker script and how code is placed in memory within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 20: The Build Pipeline — From Assembly to Flashable Binary

This lesson will teach the build pipeline from assembly to flashable binary within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 21: Boot Metadata — image_def.s

This lesson will teach the image_def.s boot metadata within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 22: The Constants File — constants.s

This lesson will teach the constants.s file within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 23: Stack and Vector Table — stack.s and vector_table.s

This lesson will teach the stack and vector table within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 24: Boot Sequence — reset_handler.s

This lesson will teach the reset_handler.s boot sequence within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 25: Oscillator Initialization — xosc.s

This lesson will teach the xosc.s oscillator initialization within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 26: Reset Controller — reset.s

This lesson will teach the reset.s reset controller within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 27: GPIO Configuration — gpio.s Part 1

This lesson will teach the gpio.s GPIO configuration part 1 within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 28: GPIO Set/Clear, Delay, and Coprocessor — gpio.s Part 2, delay.s, coprocessor.s

This lesson will teach the gpio.s GPIO set/clear, delay.s and coprocessor.s within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 29: Application Entry Point — main.s

This lesson will teach the main.s application entry point within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.

Chapter 30: Full Integration — Build, Flash, Wire, and Test

This lesson will teach the full build, flash, wire and test integration within the MCU.

-> Click HERE to read the lesson and see the code.